소심하다
Korean
Etymology
소심(小心) (sosim) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈsʰo̞(ː)ɕʰimɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [소(ː)심하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | sosimhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | sosimhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | sosimhada |
| Yale Romanization? | sōsimhata |
Adjective
소심하다 • (sosimhada) (infinitive 소심해 or 소심하여, sequential 소심하니)
- (of a person) to be timid; to be faint-hearted
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 소심하다 (sosimhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 소심하다 sosimhada |
소심해 sosimhae |
소심해요 sosimhaeyo |
소심합니다 sosimhamnida |
| Past | 소심했다 sosimhaetda |
소심했어 sosimhaesseo |
소심했어요 sosimhaesseoyo |
소심했습니다 sosimhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 소심하냐 sosimhanya |
소심해 sosimhae |
소심해요 sosimhaeyo |
소심합니까 sosimhamnikka |
| Past | 소심했냐 sosimhaennya |
소심했어 sosimhaesseo |
소심했어요 sosimhaesseoyo |
소심했습니까 sosimhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 소심하겠다 sosimhagetda | 소심하겠어 sosimhagesseo | 소심하겠어요 sosimhagesseoyo | 소심하겠습니다 sosimhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 소심해 sosimhae | 소심해서, 소심하여서 sosimhaeseo, sosimhayeoseo | 소심하니 sosimhani | 소심하니까 sosimhanikka | |
| Contrast | 소심하지만 sosimhajiman | 소심한데 sosimhande | 소심하더니 sosimhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 소심하고 sosimhago | ||||
| Condition | 소심하면 sosimhamyeon | 소심해야, 소심하여야 sosimhaeya, sosimhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 소심함 sosimham | 소심하기 sosimhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 소심했음, 소심하였음 sosimhaesseum, sosimhayeosseum | 소심했기, 소심하였기 sosimhaetgi, sosimhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 소심한 sosimhan | |||
| Future | 소심할 sosimhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 소심하시다 sosimhasida |
소심하셔 sosimhasyeo |
소심하세요, 소심하셔요 sosimhaseyo, sosimhasyeoyo |
소심하십니다 sosimhasimnida |
| Past | 소심하셨다 sosimhasyeotda |
소심하셨어 sosimhasyeosseo |
소심하셨어요 sosimhasyeosseoyo |
소심하셨습니다 sosimhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 소심하시냐 sosimhasinya |
소심하셔 sosimhasyeo |
소심하세요, 소심하셔요 sosimhaseyo, sosimhasyeoyo |
소심하십니까 sosimhasimnikka |
| Past | 소심하셨냐 sosimhasyeonnya |
소심하셨어 sosimhasyeosseo |
소심하셨어요 sosimhasyeosseoyo |
소심하셨습니까 sosimhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 소심하시겠다 sosimhasigetda | 소심하시겠어 sosimhasigesseo | 소심하시겠어요 sosimhasigesseoyo | 소심하시겠습니다 sosimhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 소심하셔 sosimhasyeo | 소심하셔서 sosimhasyeoseo | 소심하시니 sosimhasini | 소심하시니까 sosimhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 소심하시지만 sosimhasijiman | 소심하신데 sosimhasinde | 소심하시더니 sosimhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 소심하시고 sosimhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 소심하시면 sosimhasimyeon | 소심하셔야 sosimhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 소심하심 sosimhasim | 소심하시기 sosimhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 소심하셨음 sosimhasyeosseum | 소심하셨기 sosimhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 소심하신 sosimhasin | |||
| Future | 소심하실 sosimhasil | ||||
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