말대꾸하다

Korean

Etymology

From 말대꾸 (maldaekku, “retort”) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈma̠(ː)ɭdɛk͈uɦa̠da̠] ~ [ˈma̠(ː)ɭde̞k͈uɦa̠da̠]
Phonetic hangul: [말(ː)대꾸하다/말(ː)데꾸하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	maldaekkuhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	maldae'kkuhada
McCune–Reischauer^?	maldaekkuhada
Yale Romanization^?	māltay.kkwuhata

Verb

말대꾸하다 • (maldaekkuhada) (infinitive 말대꾸해 or 말대꾸하여, sequential 말대꾸하니)

to talk back, retort, backtalk

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 말대꾸하다 (maldaekkuhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	말대꾸한다 maldaekkuhanda	말대꾸해 maldaekkuhae	말대꾸해요 maldaekkuhaeyo	말대꾸합니다 maldaekkuhamnida
Indicative	Past	말대꾸했다 maldaekkuhaetda	말대꾸했어 maldaekkuhaesseo	말대꾸했어요 maldaekkuhaesseoyo	말대꾸했습니다 maldaekkuhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	말대꾸하느냐 maldaekkuhaneunya	말대꾸해 maldaekkuhae	말대꾸해요 maldaekkuhaeyo	말대꾸합니까 maldaekkuhamnikka
Interrogative	Past	말대꾸했느냐 maldaekkuhaenneunya	말대꾸했어 maldaekkuhaesseo	말대꾸했어요 maldaekkuhaesseoyo	말대꾸했습니까 maldaekkuhaetseumnikka
Hortative		말대꾸하자 maldaekkuhaja	말대꾸해 maldaekkuhae	말대꾸해요 maldaekkuhaeyo	말대꾸하십시다 maldaekkuhasipsida
Imperative		말대꾸해라, 말대꾸하여라 maldaekkuhaera, maldaekkuhayeora	말대꾸해 maldaekkuhae	말대꾸해요 maldaekkuhaeyo	말대꾸합시오 maldaekkuhapsio
Assertive		말대꾸하겠다 maldaekkuhagetda	말대꾸하겠어 maldaekkuhagesseo	말대꾸하겠어요 maldaekkuhagesseoyo	말대꾸하겠습니다 maldaekkuhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		말대꾸해 maldaekkuhae	말대꾸해서, 말대꾸하여서 maldaekkuhaeseo, maldaekkuhayeoseo	말대꾸하니 maldaekkuhani	말대꾸하니까 maldaekkuhanikka
Contrast		말대꾸하지만 maldaekkuhajiman	말대꾸하는데 maldaekkuhaneunde	말대꾸하더니 maldaekkuhadeoni
Conjunction		말대꾸하고 maldaekkuhago
Condition		말대꾸하면 maldaekkuhamyeon	말대꾸해야, 말대꾸하여야 maldaekkuhaeya, maldaekkuhayeoya
Motive		말대꾸하려고 maldaekkuharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		말대꾸함 maldaekkuham	말대꾸하기 maldaekkuhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		말대꾸했음, 말대꾸하였음 maldaekkuhaesseum, maldaekkuhayeosseum	말대꾸했기, 말대꾸하였기 maldaekkuhaetgi, maldaekkuhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	말대꾸한 maldaekkuhan
	Present	말대꾸하는 maldaekkuhaneun
	Future	말대꾸할 maldaekkuhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	말대꾸하신다 maldaekkuhasinda	말대꾸하셔 maldaekkuhasyeo	말대꾸하세요, 말대꾸하셔요 maldaekkuhaseyo, maldaekkuhasyeoyo	말대꾸하십니다 maldaekkuhasimnida
Indicative	Past	말대꾸하셨다 maldaekkuhasyeotda	말대꾸하셨어 maldaekkuhasyeosseo	말대꾸하셨어요 maldaekkuhasyeosseoyo	말대꾸하셨습니다 maldaekkuhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	말대꾸하시느냐 maldaekkuhasineunya	말대꾸하셔 maldaekkuhasyeo	말대꾸하세요, 말대꾸하셔요 maldaekkuhaseyo, maldaekkuhasyeoyo	말대꾸하십니까 maldaekkuhasimnikka
Interrogative	Past	말대꾸하셨느냐 maldaekkuhasyeonneunya	말대꾸하셨어 maldaekkuhasyeosseo	말대꾸하셨어요 maldaekkuhasyeosseoyo	말대꾸하셨습니까 maldaekkuhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		말대꾸하시라 maldaekkuhasira	말대꾸하셔 maldaekkuhasyeo	말대꾸하세요 maldaekkuhaseyo	말대꾸하십시오 maldaekkuhasipsio
Assertive		말대꾸하시겠다 maldaekkuhasigetda	말대꾸하시겠어 maldaekkuhasigesseo	말대꾸하시겠어요 maldaekkuhasigesseoyo	말대꾸하시겠습니다 maldaekkuhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		말대꾸하셔 maldaekkuhasyeo	말대꾸하셔서 maldaekkuhasyeoseo	말대꾸하시니 maldaekkuhasini	말대꾸하시니까 maldaekkuhasinikka
Contrast		말대꾸하시지만 maldaekkuhasijiman	말대꾸하시는데 maldaekkuhasineunde	말대꾸하시더니 maldaekkuhasideoni
Conjunction		말대꾸하시고 maldaekkuhasigo
Condition		말대꾸하시면 maldaekkuhasimyeon	말대꾸하셔야 maldaekkuhasyeoya
Motive		말대꾸하시려고 maldaekkuhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		말대꾸하심 maldaekkuhasim	말대꾸하시기 maldaekkuhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		말대꾸하셨음 maldaekkuhasyeosseum	말대꾸하셨기 maldaekkuhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	말대꾸하신 maldaekkuhasin
	Present	말대꾸하시는 maldaekkuhasineun
	Future	말대꾸하실 maldaekkuhasil

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