노력하다
Korean
Etymology
노력(努力) (noryeok) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [no̞ɾjʌ̹kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [노려카다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | noryeokhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nolyeoghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | noryŏkhada |
| Yale Romanization? | nolyek.hata |
Verb
노력하다 • (noryeokhada) (infinitive 노력해 or 노력하여, sequential 노력하니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 노력하다 (noryeokhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 노력한다 noryeokhanda |
노력해 noryeokhae |
노력해요 noryeokhaeyo |
노력합니다 noryeokhamnida |
| Past | 노력했다 noryeokhaetda |
노력했어 noryeokhaesseo |
노력했어요 noryeokhaesseoyo |
노력했습니다 noryeokhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 노력하느냐 noryeokhaneunya |
노력해 noryeokhae |
노력해요 noryeokhaeyo |
노력합니까 noryeokhamnikka |
| Past | 노력했느냐 noryeokhaenneunya |
노력했어 noryeokhaesseo |
노력했어요 noryeokhaesseoyo |
노력했습니까 noryeokhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 노력하자 noryeokhaja | 노력해 noryeokhae | 노력해요 noryeokhaeyo | 노력하십시다 noryeokhasipsida | |
| Imperative | 노력해라, 노력하여라 noryeokhaera, noryeokhayeora | 노력해 noryeokhae | 노력해요 noryeokhaeyo | 노력합시오 noryeokhapsio | |
| Assertive | 노력하겠다 noryeokhagetda | 노력하겠어 noryeokhagesseo | 노력하겠어요 noryeokhagesseoyo | 노력하겠습니다 noryeokhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 노력해 noryeokhae | 노력해서, 노력하여서 noryeokhaeseo, noryeokhayeoseo | 노력하니 noryeokhani | 노력하니까 noryeokhanikka | |
| Contrast | 노력하지만 noryeokhajiman | 노력하는데 noryeokhaneunde | 노력하더니 noryeokhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 노력하고 noryeokhago | ||||
| Condition | 노력하면 noryeokhamyeon | 노력해야, 노력하여야 noryeokhaeya, noryeokhayeoya | |||
| Motive | 노력하려고 noryeokharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 노력함 noryeokham | 노력하기 noryeokhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 노력했음, 노력하였음 noryeokhaesseum, noryeokhayeosseum | 노력했기, 노력하였기 noryeokhaetgi, noryeokhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 노력한 noryeokhan | |||
| Present | 노력하는 noryeokhaneun | ||||
| Future | 노력할 noryeokhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 노력하신다 noryeokhasinda |
노력하셔 noryeokhasyeo |
노력하세요, 노력하셔요 noryeokhaseyo, noryeokhasyeoyo |
노력하십니다 noryeokhasimnida |
| Past | 노력하셨다 noryeokhasyeotda |
노력하셨어 noryeokhasyeosseo |
노력하셨어요 noryeokhasyeosseoyo |
노력하셨습니다 noryeokhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 노력하시느냐 noryeokhasineunya |
노력하셔 noryeokhasyeo |
노력하세요, 노력하셔요 noryeokhaseyo, noryeokhasyeoyo |
노력하십니까 noryeokhasimnikka |
| Past | 노력하셨느냐 noryeokhasyeonneunya |
노력하셨어 noryeokhasyeosseo |
노력하셨어요 noryeokhasyeosseoyo |
노력하셨습니까 noryeokhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 노력하시라 noryeokhasira | 노력하셔 noryeokhasyeo | 노력하세요 noryeokhaseyo | 노력하십시오 noryeokhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 노력하시겠다 noryeokhasigetda | 노력하시겠어 noryeokhasigesseo | 노력하시겠어요 noryeokhasigesseoyo | 노력하시겠습니다 noryeokhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 노력하셔 noryeokhasyeo | 노력하셔서 noryeokhasyeoseo | 노력하시니 noryeokhasini | 노력하시니까 noryeokhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 노력하시지만 noryeokhasijiman | 노력하시는데 noryeokhasineunde | 노력하시더니 noryeokhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 노력하시고 noryeokhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 노력하시면 noryeokhasimyeon | 노력하셔야 noryeokhasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 노력하시려고 noryeokhasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 노력하심 noryeokhasim | 노력하시기 noryeokhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 노력하셨음 noryeokhasyeosseum | 노력하셨기 noryeokhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 노력하신 noryeokhasin | |||
| Present | 노력하시는 noryeokhasineun | ||||
| Future | 노력하실 noryeokhasil | ||||
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