냉혹하다
Korean
Etymology
From 냉혹(冷酷) (naenghok, “cold-blooded”) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈnɛ(ː)ŋβo̞kʰa̠da̠] ~ [ˈne̞(ː)ŋβo̞kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [냉(ː)호카다/넹(ː)호카다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | naenghokhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | naenghoghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | naenghokhada |
| Yale Romanization? | nāynghok.hata |
Adjective
냉혹하다 • (naenghokhada) (infinitive 냉혹해 or 냉혹하여, sequential 냉혹하니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 냉혹하다 (naenghokhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 냉혹하다 naenghokhada |
냉혹해 naenghokhae |
냉혹해요 naenghokhaeyo |
냉혹합니다 naenghokhamnida |
| Past | 냉혹했다 naenghokhaetda |
냉혹했어 naenghokhaesseo |
냉혹했어요 naenghokhaesseoyo |
냉혹했습니다 naenghokhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 냉혹하냐 naenghokhanya |
냉혹해 naenghokhae |
냉혹해요 naenghokhaeyo |
냉혹합니까 naenghokhamnikka |
| Past | 냉혹했냐 naenghokhaennya |
냉혹했어 naenghokhaesseo |
냉혹했어요 naenghokhaesseoyo |
냉혹했습니까 naenghokhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 냉혹하겠다 naenghokhagetda | 냉혹하겠어 naenghokhagesseo | 냉혹하겠어요 naenghokhagesseoyo | 냉혹하겠습니다 naenghokhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 냉혹해 naenghokhae | 냉혹해서, 냉혹하여서 naenghokhaeseo, naenghokhayeoseo | 냉혹하니 naenghokhani | 냉혹하니까 naenghokhanikka | |
| Contrast | 냉혹하지만 naenghokhajiman | 냉혹한데 naenghokhande | 냉혹하더니 naenghokhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 냉혹하고 naenghokhago | ||||
| Condition | 냉혹하면 naenghokhamyeon | 냉혹해야, 냉혹하여야 naenghokhaeya, naenghokhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 냉혹함 naenghokham | 냉혹하기 naenghokhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 냉혹했음, 냉혹하였음 naenghokhaesseum, naenghokhayeosseum | 냉혹했기, 냉혹하였기 naenghokhaetgi, naenghokhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 냉혹한 naenghokhan | |||
| Future | 냉혹할 naenghokhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 냉혹하시다 naenghokhasida |
냉혹하셔 naenghokhasyeo |
냉혹하세요, 냉혹하셔요 naenghokhaseyo, naenghokhasyeoyo |
냉혹하십니다 naenghokhasimnida |
| Past | 냉혹하셨다 naenghokhasyeotda |
냉혹하셨어 naenghokhasyeosseo |
냉혹하셨어요 naenghokhasyeosseoyo |
냉혹하셨습니다 naenghokhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 냉혹하시냐 naenghokhasinya |
냉혹하셔 naenghokhasyeo |
냉혹하세요, 냉혹하셔요 naenghokhaseyo, naenghokhasyeoyo |
냉혹하십니까 naenghokhasimnikka |
| Past | 냉혹하셨냐 naenghokhasyeonnya |
냉혹하셨어 naenghokhasyeosseo |
냉혹하셨어요 naenghokhasyeosseoyo |
냉혹하셨습니까 naenghokhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 냉혹하시겠다 naenghokhasigetda | 냉혹하시겠어 naenghokhasigesseo | 냉혹하시겠어요 naenghokhasigesseoyo | 냉혹하시겠습니다 naenghokhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 냉혹하셔 naenghokhasyeo | 냉혹하셔서 naenghokhasyeoseo | 냉혹하시니 naenghokhasini | 냉혹하시니까 naenghokhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 냉혹하시지만 naenghokhasijiman | 냉혹하신데 naenghokhasinde | 냉혹하시더니 naenghokhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 냉혹하시고 naenghokhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 냉혹하시면 naenghokhasimyeon | 냉혹하셔야 naenghokhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 냉혹하심 naenghokhasim | 냉혹하시기 naenghokhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 냉혹하셨음 naenghokhasyeosseum | 냉혹하셨기 naenghokhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 냉혹하신 naenghokhasin | |||
| Future | 냉혹하실 naenghokhasil | ||||
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