굶다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 굶다 (Yale: kwulm-ta). Compare 곯다 (golta), 고프다 (gopeuda).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈku(ː)mt͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [굼(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	gumda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	gulmda
McCune–Reischauer^?	kumta
Yale Romanization^?	kwūlmta

Verb

Korean verb set
Base	굶다 (gumda)
Causative	굶기다 (gumgida)

굶다 • (gumda) (infinitive 굶어, sequential 굶으니)

(transitive) to skip (a meal), to starve, to fast
굶어 죽다 ― gulmeo jukda ― to be starved to death

굶기를 밥 먹 듯 한다 (idiom)
gumgireul bap meokdeut handa
to starve frequently
(intransitive or transitive, colloquial, games, gambling) to skip one's turn
(transitive, colloquial) to be starved for sex

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 굶다 (gumda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	굶는다 gumneunda	굶어 gulmeo	굶어요 gulmeoyo	굶습니다 gumseumnida
Indicative	Past	굶었다 gulmeotda	굶었어 gulmeosseo	굶었어요 gulmeosseoyo	굶었습니다 gulmeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	굶느냐 gumneunya	굶어 gulmeo	굶어요 gulmeoyo	굶습니까 gumseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	굶었느냐 gulmeonneunya	굶었어 gulmeosseo	굶었어요 gulmeosseoyo	굶었습니까 gulmeotseumnikka
Hortative		굶자 gumja	굶어 gulmeo	굶어요 gulmeoyo	굶으십시다 gulmeusipsida
Imperative		굶어라 gulmeora	굶어 gulmeo	굶어요 gulmeoyo	굶읍시오 gulmeupsio
Assertive		굶겠다 gumgetda	굶겠어 gumgesseo	굶겠어요 gumgesseoyo	굶겠습니다 gumgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		굶어 gulmeo	굶어서 gulmeoseo	굶으니 gulmeuni	굶으니까 gulmeunikka
Contrast		굶지만 gumjiman	굶는데 gumneunde	굶더니 gumdeoni
Conjunction		굶고 gumgo
Condition		굶으면 gulmeumyeon	굶어야 gulmeoya
Motive		굶으려고 gulmeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		굶음 gulmeum	굶기 gumgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		굶었음 gulmeosseum	굶었기 gulmeotgi
Determiners	Past	굶은 gulmeun
	Present	굶는 gumneun
	Future	굶을 gulmeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	굶으신다 gulmeusinda	굶으셔 gulmeusyeo	굶으세요, 굶으셔요 gulmeuseyo, gulmeusyeoyo	굶으십니다 gulmeusimnida
Indicative	Past	굶으셨다 gulmeusyeotda	굶으셨어 gulmeusyeosseo	굶으셨어요 gulmeusyeosseoyo	굶으셨습니다 gulmeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	굶으시느냐 gulmeusineunya	굶으셔 gulmeusyeo	굶으세요, 굶으셔요 gulmeuseyo, gulmeusyeoyo	굶으십니까 gulmeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	굶으셨느냐 gulmeusyeonneunya	굶으셨어 gulmeusyeosseo	굶으셨어요 gulmeusyeosseoyo	굶으셨습니까 gulmeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		굶으시라 gulmeusira	굶으셔 gulmeusyeo	굶으세요 gulmeuseyo	굶으십시오 gulmeusipsio
Assertive		굶으시겠다 gulmeusigetda	굶으시겠어 gulmeusigesseo	굶으시겠어요 gulmeusigesseoyo	굶으시겠습니다 gulmeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		굶으셔 gulmeusyeo	굶으셔서 gulmeusyeoseo	굶으시니 gulmeusini	굶으시니까 gulmeusinikka
Contrast		굶으시지만 gulmeusijiman	굶으시는데 gulmeusineunde	굶으시더니 gulmeusideoni
Conjunction		굶으시고 gulmeusigo
Condition		굶으시면 gulmeusimyeon	굶으셔야 gulmeusyeoya
Motive		굶으시려고 gulmeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		굶으심 gulmeusim	굶으시기 gulmeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		굶으셨음 gulmeusyeosseum	굶으셨기 gulmeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	굶으신 gulmeusin
	Present	굶으시는 gulmeusineun
	Future	굶으실 gulmeusil

Derived terms

굶주리다 (gumjurida)

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