과거

Korean

Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 過去, from 過 (“passing”) + 去 (“going”)

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
  • Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)거]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gwageo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gwageo
McCune–Reischauer?kwagŏ
Yale Romanization?kwāke
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 과거의 / 과거에 / 과거까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the second syllable, and also heightens the subsequent suffixed syllable.

Noun

과거 • (gwageo) (hanja 過去)

  1. the past
  2. one's past
  3. (grammar) past tense
Synonyms
Derived terms
  • 과거 분사(過去分詞) (gwageo bunsa)
  • 과거 생생(過去生生) (gwageo saengsaeng)
  • 과거 완료(過去完了) (gwageo wallyo)
  • 과거 지향(過去指向) (gwageo jihyang)
  • 과거 진행(過去進行) (gwageo jinhaeng)
  • 과거로(過去路) (gwageoro)
  • 과거사(過去事) (gwageosa)
  • 과거사(過去詞) (gwageosa)
  • 과거세(過去世) (gwageose)
  • 과거시제(過去時制) (gwageosije)
  • 과거장(過去帳) (gwageojang)
  • 과거지사(過去之事) (gwageojisa)
  • 과거형(過去形) (gwageohyeong)

Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 科擧. The "measles" sense comes from a euphemistic reference to the civil service examination as an ordeal as difficult as measles.

Pronunciation
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gwageo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gwageo
McCune–Reischauer?kwagŏ
Yale Romanization?kwake
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 과거의 / 과거에 / 과거까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

Noun

과거 • (gwageo) (hanja 科擧)

  1. (historical) civil service examination (to select officials in dynastic China, Korea, and Vietnam)
  2. (Gyeongsang, euphemistic) measles
    Synonym: 홍역(紅疫) (hong'yeok)
Derived terms
  • 과거 제도(科擧制度) (gwageo jedo)
  • 과거지보(科擧之寶) (gwageojibo)

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 寡居

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
  • Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)거]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gwageo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gwageo
McCune–Reischauer?kwagŏ
Yale Romanization?kwāke

Noun

과거 • (gwageo) (hanja 寡居)

  1. living on one's own as a widow

Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 過擧

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
  • Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)거]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gwageo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gwageo
McCune–Reischauer?kwagŏ
Yale Romanization?kwāke

Noun

과거 • (gwageo) (hanja 過擧)

  1. excessive behaviour
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