갈닦다

Korean

Etymology

갈 (gal-, “to hone”) + 닦다 (dakda, “to polish”).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈka̠(ː)ɭda̠k̚t͈a̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [갈(ː)닥따]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?galdakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?galdakkda
McCune–Reischauer?kaldakta
Yale Romanization?kāltakkta

Verb

갈닦다 • (galdakda) (infinitive 갈닦아, sequential 갈닦으니) (transitive)

  1. to rub, to polish (a stone or jade)
  2. Synonym of 갈고닦다 (galgodakda, “to hone, to cultivate, to develop, to improve (a skill, talent, ability, etc.)”)

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 갈닦다 (galdakda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 갈닦는다
galdangneunda		 갈닦아
galdakka		 갈닦아요
galdakkayo		 갈닦습니다
galdakseumnida
Past 갈닦았다
galdakkatda		 갈닦았어
galdakkasseo		 갈닦았어요
galdakkasseoyo		 갈닦았습니다
galdakkatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 갈닦느냐
galdangneunya		 갈닦아
galdakka		 갈닦아요
galdakkayo		 갈닦습니까
galdakseumnikka
Past 갈닦았느냐
galdakkanneunya		 갈닦았어
galdakkasseo		 갈닦았어요
galdakkasseoyo		 갈닦았습니까
galdakkatseumnikka
Hortative 갈닦자
galdakja		갈닦아
galdakka		갈닦아요
galdakkayo		갈닦으십시다
galdakkeusipsida
Imperative 갈닦아라
galdakkara		갈닦아
galdakka		갈닦아요
galdakkayo		갈닦읍시오
galdakkeupsio
Assertive 갈닦겠다
galdakgetda		갈닦겠어
galdakgesseo		갈닦겠어요
galdakgesseoyo		갈닦겠습니다
galdakgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 갈닦아
galdakka		갈닦아서
galdakkaseo		갈닦으니
galdakkeuni		갈닦으니까
galdakkeunikka
Contrast 갈닦지만
galdakjiman		갈닦는데
galdangneunde		갈닦더니
galdakdeoni
Conjunction 갈닦고
galdakgo
Condition 갈닦으면
galdakkeumyeon		갈닦아야
galdakkaya
Motive 갈닦으려고
galdakkeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 갈닦음
galdakkeum		갈닦기
galdakgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 갈닦았음
galdakkasseum		갈닦았기
galdakkatgi
Determiners Past 갈닦은
galdakkeun
Present 갈닦는
galdangneun
Future 갈닦을
galdakkeul
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 갈닦으신다
galdakkeusinda		 갈닦으셔
galdakkeusyeo		 갈닦으세요, 갈닦으셔요
galdakkeuseyo, galdakkeusyeoyo		 갈닦으십니다
galdakkeusimnida
Past 갈닦으셨다
galdakkeusyeotda		 갈닦으셨어
galdakkeusyeosseo		 갈닦으셨어요
galdakkeusyeosseoyo		 갈닦으셨습니다
galdakkeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 갈닦으시느냐
galdakkeusineunya		 갈닦으셔
galdakkeusyeo		 갈닦으세요, 갈닦으셔요
galdakkeuseyo, galdakkeusyeoyo		 갈닦으십니까
galdakkeusimnikka
Past 갈닦으셨느냐
galdakkeusyeonneunya		 갈닦으셨어
galdakkeusyeosseo		 갈닦으셨어요
galdakkeusyeosseoyo		 갈닦으셨습니까
galdakkeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative 갈닦으시라
galdakkeusira		갈닦으셔
galdakkeusyeo		갈닦으세요
galdakkeuseyo		갈닦으십시오
galdakkeusipsio
Assertive 갈닦으시겠다
galdakkeusigetda		갈닦으시겠어
galdakkeusigesseo		갈닦으시겠어요
galdakkeusigesseoyo		갈닦으시겠습니다
galdakkeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 갈닦으셔
galdakkeusyeo		갈닦으셔서
galdakkeusyeoseo		갈닦으시니
galdakkeusini		갈닦으시니까
galdakkeusinikka
Contrast 갈닦으시지만
galdakkeusijiman		갈닦으시는데
galdakkeusineunde		갈닦으시더니
galdakkeusideoni
Conjunction 갈닦으시고
galdakkeusigo
Condition 갈닦으시면
galdakkeusimyeon		갈닦으셔야
galdakkeusyeoya
Motive 갈닦으시려고
galdakkeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 갈닦으심
galdakkeusim		갈닦으시기
galdakkeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 갈닦으셨음
galdakkeusyeosseum		갈닦으셨기
galdakkeusyeotgi
Determiners Past 갈닦으신
galdakkeusin
Present 갈닦으시는
galdakkeusineun
Future 갈닦으실
galdakkeusil
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