ꜥḫm

See also: ꜥẖm

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʕaːχam/ → /ˈʕaːχam/ → /ˈʕaːχəm/ → /ˈʕoːχəm/

Verb
a
x		 mQ7

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to quench, to extinguish (fire, thirst, wind, rebellion, etc.)
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.5–1.6:
      iwik
      n      		 W10
      n      		 mwa
      x      		 mQ7mwfibtE8
      iwmH
      t      		 Y1rZ1mH6AwwHnZ2sssmn
      n      		 Y1
      f      		 ibZ1
      jw jkn n(j) mw ꜥḫm.f jbt jw mḥ{t}⟨w⟩ r(ꜣ) m šww smn.f jb
      For a cup of water quenches thirst, for a mouthful of šww-herbs makes the heart firm.
  2. (intransitive, Late Egyptian, of water) to dry up

Inflection
Conjugation of ꜥḫm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥḫm, geminated stem: ꜥḫmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜥḫm
 ꜥḫmw, ꜥḫm
 ꜥḫmt
 ꜥḫm
 ꜥḫm
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜥḫm
 ḥr ꜥḫm
 m ꜥḫm
 r ꜥḫm
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ꜥḫm.n
 ꜥḫmw, ꜥḫm
 consecutive ꜥḫm.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ꜥḫmt
perfective3 ꜥḫm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ꜥḫm.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ꜥḫm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ꜥḫm
 ꜥḫmm
 potentialis1 ꜥḫm.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ꜥḫm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ꜥḫm.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ꜥḫm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜥḫm
 ꜥḫm, ꜥḫmw5, ꜥḫmy5
imperfective ꜥḫm, ꜥḫmy, ꜥḫmw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜥḫm, ꜥḫmj6, ꜥḫmy6
 ꜥḫm, ꜥḫmw5
prospective ꜥḫm, ꜥḫmtj7
 — ꜥḫmtj4, ꜥḫmt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥḫm  
a
x		 mmw
a
x		 mQ7mw
a
x		 mF10A2
a
x
M		 mw
W10 x
M		 N36
ꜥḫm ꜥḫm ꜥḫm ꜥḫm ꜥḫm
[New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period]

Descendants
  • Demotic: ꜥšm, ꜥḫm
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⳉⲙⲉ (ōxme), ⲁⳉⲙ⸗ (axm⸗)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲱϣⲉⲙ (ōšem), ⲟϣⲙ⸗ (ošm⸗)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱϣⲉⲙ (ōšem), ⲱϣⲙ̄ (ōšm̄), ⲁϣⲉⲙ- (ašem-)
    • Old Coptic: ⲟϣⲙ⸗ (ošm⸗)
    • Coptic Dialect P: ⲁⳋⲙ⸗ (açm⸗)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϣⲙ̄ (ōšm̄), ⲟⲩⲱϣⲙ̄ (ouōšm̄), ⲉϣⲙ- (ešm-), ⲟϣⲙ⸗ (ošm⸗)

References
  • “ꜥḫm (lemma ID 40630)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 224.15–224.19
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 48
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 458.
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