ꜣwt-jb

Most likely from the infinitive of ꜣwj-jb (“to be happy”); however, some instead suggest a derivation directly from ꜣwt (“length”) +‎ jb (“heart”) in a direct genitive construction. The former would imply the noun is masculine; the latter, feminine. It is attested a few times modified by (apparently masculine) nb, suggesting that the former is the case, but the omission of feminine adjective endings is also not unusual.

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑuːt ib/
  • Conventional anglicization: aut-ib

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1. happiness, joy

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1. a pectoral amulet in the form of the hieroglyphs ligatured, presumably intended to bring the wearer happiness [Greco-Roman Period]

These amulets are attested long before the word for them appears in the textual record; older instances of the word have apparently not survived.

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1. realgar (red arsenic sulfide) [since the New Kingdom]

Before the Late Period this term is found almost exclusively in medical texts (Papyrus Chester Beatty V and Papyrus Ebers).

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 455.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 4.17–5.1
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 1
• Lesko, Leonard, Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, second edition, volume 1, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, page 3
• Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 3–4