ꜣmm

Egyptian

2ae gem.

(transitive) to grasp, to physically seize (a person or thing; + m: with (one’s hand)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
(transitive, of animals) to seize as prey (+ r: to attack as prey)
(transitive) to fold or clench together (one’s hands) [26th Dynasty]
(transitive) to take (+ n: to, for (oneself)) [Offering Ritual and Greco-Roman Period]

Conjugation of ꜣmm (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: ꜣm, geminated stem: ꜣmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜣmm⁸	ꜣmm	ꜣmmt	ꜣmm, ꜣm	ꜣmm, ꜣm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜣmm, ꜣm	ḥr ꜣmm	m ꜣmm	r ꜣmm

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ꜣm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣm	ꜣm, ꜣmw⁵, ꜣmy⁵
imperfective	ꜣmm, ꜣmmy, ꜣmmw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ꜣmm, ꜣmmj⁶, ꜣmmy⁶	ꜣmm, ꜣmmw⁵
prospective	ꜣm, ꜣmtj⁷	—	ꜣmmtj⁴, ꜣmmt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. ꜣm before suffix pronouns.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣmm

ꜣmm

ꜣm

jm

ꜣmm

[18th Dynasty]

[New Kingdom]

[Greco-Roman Period]

inflected form

abbreviation

m

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
1. grip, grasp [since the Pyramid Texts]

Declension of ꜣmm (masculine)

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 228, 290.
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 10.17–10.22
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 3

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