食う
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 食 |
| く Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 喰う |
Etymology
/kupu/ → */kuwu/ → /kuu/
From Old Japanese.[1]
The medial /w/ vanishes because Japanese does not have a /wu/ phoneme. It surfaces though in various conjugations, such as the negative form kuwanai or the passive form kuwareru.
Possibly cognate with 口 (kuchi, “mouth”).
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "食う"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
食う | くう | [kúꜜù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 食え | くえ | [kúꜜè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 食われる | くわれる | [kùwáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 食わせる | くわせる | [kùwáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 食える | くえる | [kùéꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 食おう | くおー | [kùóꜜò] |
| Negative | 食わない | くわない | [kùwáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 食わなかった | くわなかった | [kùwáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 食います | くいます | [kùímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 食った | くった | [kúꜜttà] |
| Conjunctive | 食って | くって | [kúꜜttè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 食えば | くえば | [kúꜜèbà] |
Verb
食う • (kuu) ←くふ (kufu)?transitive godan (stem 食い (kui), past 食った (kutta))
- to put something in one's mouth
- (men's speech, vulgar) to eat, to devour
- to make a living, to live; to survive
- to tease, to taunt, to make light of, to make fun of; to torment
- to bite, to sting (of an insect, usually used in the passive)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "食う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 食わ | くわ | kuwa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 食い | くい | kui |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 食う | くう | kuu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 食う | くう | kuu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 食え | くえ | kue |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 食え | くえ | kue |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 食われる | くわれる | kuwareru |
| Causative | 食わせる 食わす |
くわせる くわす |
kuwaseru kuwasu |
| Potential | 食える | くえる | kueru |
| Volitional | 食おう | くおう | kuō |
| Negative | 食わない | くわない | kuwanai |
| Negative continuative | 食わず | くわず | kuwazu |
| Formal | 食います | くいます | kuimasu |
| Perfective | 食った | くった | kutta |
| Conjunctive | 食って | くって | kutte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 食えば | くえば | kueba |
Synonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 崩ゆ, 潰ゆ, 壊ゆ (kuyu): obsolete for 崩える, 潰える, 壊える
- 崩, 潰 (kue): erosion
- 崩える, 潰える, 壊える (kueru): to erode, to be eaten away, to fall apart, to break
- 桑 (kuwa): a mulberry
- 銜う, 啣える, 咥える (kuwau): obsolete for 銜える, 啣える, 咥える
- 加う (kuwau): obsolete for 加える
- 銜える, 啣える, 咥える (kuwaeru): to hold in one's mouth
- 加える (kuwaeru): to add something, to increase or develop something; to inflict
- 加わる (kuwawaru): to increase, to grow; to be added on to something else; to join in
- 蓼食う虫も好き好き (tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki): there's no accounting for taste
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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