返す

See also: 返る

Japanese
Kanji in this term
返
かえ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
反す (rare)

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "返す"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 返す か​えす [káꜜèsù]
Imperative (命令形) 返せ か​えせ [káꜜèsè]
Key constructions
Passive 返される かえされ​る [kàésáréꜜrù]
Causative 返させる かえさせ​る [kàésáséꜜrù]
Potential 返せる かえせ​る [kàéséꜜrù]
Volitional 返そう かえそ​ー [kàésóꜜò]
Negative 返さない かえさ​ない [kàésáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 返さなかった かえさ​なかった [kàésáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 返します かえしま​す [kàéshímáꜜsù]
Perfective 返した か​えした [káꜜèshìtà]
Conjunctive 返して か​えして [káꜜèshìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 返せば か​えせば [káꜜèsèbà]

Verb

返(かえ)す • (kaesu) ←かへす (kafesu)?transitive godan (stem 返(かえ)し (kaeshi), past 返(かえ)した (kaeshita))

Japanese verb pair
active 返す
mediopassive 返る
  1. to return (something)
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      私(わたし)のディスクを返(かえ)してください
      watashi no disuku o kaeshite kudasai
      Please return my disc

Conjugation
Conjugation of "返す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 返さ かえさ kaesa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 返し かえし kaeshi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 返す かえす kaesu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 返す かえす kaesu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 返せ かえせ kaese
Meireikei ("imperative") 返せ かえせ kaese
Key constructions
Passive 返される かえされる kaesareru
Causative 返させる
返さす		 かえさせる
かえさす		 kaesaseru
kaesasu
Potential 返せる かえせる kaeseru
Volitional 返そう かえそう kaesō
Negative 返さない かえさない kaesanai
Negative continuative 返さず かえさず kaesazu
Formal 返します かえします kaeshimasu
Perfective 返した かえした kaeshita
Conjunctive 返して かえして kaeshite
Hypothetical conditional 返せば かえせば kaeseba
Classical conjugation of "返す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 返さかへさkafesa
Continuative (連用形) 返しかへしkafesi
Terminal (終止形) 返すかへすkafesu
Attributive (連体形) 返すかへすkafesu
Realis (已然形) 返せかへせkafese
Imperative (命令形) 返せかへせkafese
Key constructions
Negative 返さずかへさずkafesazu
Contrasting conjunction 返せどかへせどkafesedo
Causal conjunction 返せばかへせばkafeseba
Conditional conjunction 返さばかへさばkafesaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 返しきかへしきkafesiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 返しけりかへしけりkafesikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 返しつかへしつkafesitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 返しぬかへしぬkafesinu
Perfect-continuative tense 返せり
返したり		かへせり
かへしたり		kafeseri
kafesitari
Volitional 返さむかへさむkafesamu

Derived terms

Suffix

返(かえ)す • (-kaesu) ←かへす (kafesu)?godan (stem 返(かえ)し (-kaeshi), past 返(かえ)した (-kaeshita))

  1. to repeat, to redo

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
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