見せる

Japanese

Etymology
Kanji in this term
見
み
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese 見す (misu), following 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

First cited to the Man'yōshū, circa 759 CE.[1]

Analyzable as 見 (mi, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 見(み)る (miru, “to see; to look at”)) +‎ す (-su, causative suffix, corresponding to modern せる (-seru)).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "見せる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 見せる みせ​る [mìséꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 見せろ みせ​ろ [mìséꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 見せられる みせられ​る [mìséráréꜜrù]
Causative 見せさせる みせさせ​る [mìsésáséꜜrù]
Potential 見せられる みせられ​る [mìséráréꜜrù]
Volitional 見せよう みせよ​ー [mìséyóꜜò]
Negative 見せない みせ​ない [mìséꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 見せなかった みせ​なかった [mìséꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 見せます みせま​す [mìsémáꜜsù]
Perfective 見せた み​せた [míꜜsètà]
Conjunctive 見せて み​せて [míꜜsètè]
Hypothetical conditional 見せれば みせ​れば [mìséꜜrèbà]

Verb

見(み)せる • (miseru) transitive ichidan (stem 見(み)せ (mise), past 見(み)せた (miseta))

Japanese verb pair
causative 見(み)せる (見(み)せる)
active 見(み)る (見(み)る)
mediopassive 見(み)える (見(み)える)
  1. to show
    写(しゃ)真(しん)を人(ひと)に見(み)せる
    shashin o hito ni miseru
    show someone a picture
  2. 魅せる: to show off; to demonstrate a skill or talent
  3. used as a 補助動詞 (hojo dōshi), after a verb in the て (-te) conjunctive form: to show one's ability or determination to do something; to set an example by doing something

Conjugation
Conjugation of "見せる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 見せ みせ mise
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 見せ みせ mise
Shūshikei ("terminal") 見せる みせる miseru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 見せる みせる miseru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 見せれ みせれ misere
Meireikei ("imperative") 見せよ¹
見せろ²		 みせよ¹
みせろ²		 miseyo¹
misero²
Key constructions
Passive 見せられる みせられる miserareru
Causative 見せさせる
見せさす		 みせさせる
みせさす		 misesaseru
misesasu
Potential 見せられる
見せれる³		 みせられる
みせれる³		 miserareru
misereru³
Volitional 見せよう みせよう miseyō
Negative 見せない
見せぬ
見せん		 みせない
みせぬ
みせん		 misenai
misenu
misen
Negative continuative 見せず みせず misezu
Formal 見せます みせます misemasu
Perfective 見せた みせた miseta
Conjunctive 見せて みせて misete
Hypothetical conditional 見せれば みせれば misereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. “見”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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