笑む
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 笑 |
| え Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 咲む |
Etymology
wemu → emu.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "笑む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 笑ま | えま | ema |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 笑み | えみ | emi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 笑む | えむ | emu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 笑む | えむ | emu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 笑め | えめ | eme |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 笑め | えめ | eme |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 笑まれる | えまれる | emareru |
| Causative | 笑ませる 笑ます |
えませる えます |
emaseru emasu |
| Potential | 笑める | えめる | emeru |
| Volitional | 笑もう | えもう | emō |
| Negative | 笑まない | えまない | emanai |
| Negative continuative | 笑まず | えまず | emazu |
| Formal | 笑みます | えみます | emimasu |
| Perfective | 笑んだ | えんだ | enda |
| Conjunctive | 笑んで | えんで | ende |
| Hypothetical conditional | 笑めば | えめば | emeba |
Classical conjugation of "笑む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 笑ま | ゑま | wema |
| Continuative (連用形) | 笑み | ゑみ | wemi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 笑む | ゑむ | wemu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 笑む | ゑむ | wemu |
| Realis (已然形) | 笑め | ゑめ | weme |
| Imperative (命令形) | 笑め | ゑめ | weme |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 笑まず | ゑまず | wemazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 笑めど | ゑめど | wemedo |
| Causal conjunction | 笑めば | ゑめば | wemeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 笑まば | ゑまば | wemaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 笑みき | ゑみき | wemiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 笑みけり | ゑみけり | wemikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 笑みつ | ゑみつ | wemitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 笑みぬ | ゑみぬ | weminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 笑めり 笑みたり | ゑめり ゑみたり | wemeri wemitari |
| Volitional | 笑まむ | ゑまむ | wemamu |
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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