確か

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
たし
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
慥か (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Derived from the tashi- element seen in たしに (tashi ni, sufficiently; firmly; surely) and たしない (tashinai, difficult, agonizing; poor, lacking) + adjective-forming suffix (-ka).[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

(たし) • (tashika) -na (adnominal (たし) (tashika na), adverbial (たし) (tashika ni))

  1. [from 720] certain, clear, without a doubt
  2. [from 759] secure, reliable, able to be trusted completely

Inflection

Synonyms

Adverb

(たし) • (tashika) 

  1. if I remember correctly, in my memory, probably but not totally sure
    (たし)、ここに()たことがある。
    Tashika, koko ni kita koto ga aru.
    I'm pretty sure that I've come here before.

Usage notes

Adverbial use without the particle (ni) is colloquial. The meaning for this usage implies a degree of doubt, and is different from the certainly, surely sense of 確か (tashika ni) that has no such implication.

References

  1. 確か・慥か”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  • 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
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