畏まる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
畏
かしこ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

Derived from classical verb 畏む (kashikomu), itself apparently a back-formation from 畏み (kashikomi), from the kashiko stem of adjective 畏い (kashikoi, “dreadful, terrible, awesome”) + nominalizing suffix み (mi, indicating appearance or state).[1][2]

The meaning of the adjective evolved from dreadful to awesome to worthy of respect;[1] compare the shades in meaning in English awful and awesome. The meaning of the verb kashikomaru similarly shifted from to be impressed by something as dreadful to to be impressed by something as worthy of deep respect.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かしこま​る [kàshíkómáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ɕiko̞ma̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

畏(かしこ)まる • (kashikomaru) intransitive godan (stem 畏(かしこ)まり (kashikomari), past 畏(かしこ)まった (kashikomatta))

  1. (humble) to understand, to acknowledge
    はい、畏(かしこ)まりました。
    Hai, kashikomarimashita.
    Yes, sir/madam! (honorific response)
  2. to obey respectfully, comply
  3. to sit upright
  4. to be stiff or formal, to stand on ceremony

Conjugation
Conjugation of "畏まる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 畏まら かしこまら kashikomara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 畏まり かしこまり kashikomari
Shūshikei ("terminal") 畏まる かしこまる kashikomaru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 畏まる かしこまる kashikomaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 畏まれ かしこまれ kashikomare
Meireikei ("imperative") 畏まれ かしこまれ kashikomare
Key constructions
Passive 畏まられる かしこまられる kashikomarareru
Causative 畏まらせる
畏まらす		 かしこまらせる
かしこまらす		 kashikomaraseru
kashikomarasu
Potential 畏まれる かしこまれる kashikomareru
Volitional 畏まろう かしこまろう kashikomarō
Negative 畏まらない かしこまらない kashikomaranai
Negative continuative 畏まらず かしこまらず kashikomarazu
Formal 畏まります かしこまります kashikomarimasu
Perfective 畏まった かしこまった kashikomatta
Conjunctive 畏まって かしこまって kashikomatte
Hypothetical conditional 畏まれば かしこまれば kashikomareba

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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