狡賢い

Japanese
Kanji in this term
狡 賢
ずる
Hyōgaiji		 かしこ > がしこ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

Etymology

Compound of 狡い (zurui, “tricky, cunning, devious”) +‎ 賢い (kashikoi, “smart, clever, intelligent”).[1][2][3][4] The kashikoi changes to gashikoi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

The spelling ずる賢い is more common than 狡賢い, due to the 狡 character falling into disuse.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ずるがしこ​い [zùrúgáshíkóꜜì] (Nakadaka – [5])[2][4]
  • IPA(key): [d͡zɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝɡa̠ɕiko̞i]

Adjective

狡(ずる)賢(がしこ)い • (zurugashikoi) -i (adverbial 狡(ずる)賢(がしこ)く (zurugashikoku))

  1. sly, cunning

Inflection
Inflection of 狡賢い
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 狡賢かろ ずるがしこかろ zurugashikokaro
Continuative (連用形) 狡賢く ずるがしこく zurugashikoku
Terminal (終止形) 狡賢い ずるがしこい zurugashikoi
Attributive (連体形) 狡賢い ずるがしこい zurugashikoi
Hypothetical (仮定形) 狡賢けれ ずるがしこけれ zurugashikokere
Imperative (命令形) 狡賢かれ ずるがしこかれ zurugashikokare
Key constructions
Informal negative 狡賢くない ずるがしこくない zurugashikoku nai
Informal past 狡賢かった ずるがしこかった zurugashikokatta
Informal negative past 狡賢くなかった ずるがしこくなかった zurugashikoku nakatta
Formal 狡賢いです ずるがしこいです zurugashikoi desu
Formal negative 狡賢くないです ずるがしこくないです zurugashikoku nai desu
Formal past 狡賢かったです ずるがしこかったです zurugashikokatta desu
Formal negative past 狡賢くなかったです ずるがしこくなかったです zurugashikoku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 狡賢くて ずるがしこくて zurugashikokute
Conditional 狡賢ければ ずるがしこければ zurugashikokereba
Provisional 狡賢かったら ずるがしこかったら zurugashikokattara
Volitional 狡賢かろう ずるがしこかろう zurugashikokarō
Adverbial 狡賢く ずるがしこく zurugashikoku
Degree 狡賢さ ずるがしこさ zurugashikosa

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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