替える

Japanese

Etymology
Kanji in this term
替
か
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese かふ (kapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Cognate with 変(か)える (kaeru), 代(か)える (kaeru) and 換(か)える (kaeru).

Pronunciation

Verb

替(か)える • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 替(か)え (kae), past 替(か)えた (kaeta))

Japanese verb pair
active 替える
mediopassive 替わる
  1. substitute, replace

Conjugation
Conjugation of "替える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 替え かえ kae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 替え かえ kae
Shūshikei ("terminal") 替える かえる kaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 替える かえる kaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 替えれ かえれ kaere
Meireikei ("imperative") 替えよ¹
替えろ²		 かえよ¹
かえろ²		 kaeyo¹
kaero²
Key constructions
Passive 替えられる かえられる kaerareru
Causative 替えさせる
替えさす		 かえさせる
かえさす		 kaesaseru
kaesasu
Potential 替えられる
替えれる³		 かえられる
かえれる³		 kaerareru
kaereru³
Volitional 替えよう かえよう kaeyō
Negative 替えない
替えぬ
替えん		 かえない
かえぬ
かえん		 kaenai
kaenu
kaen
Negative continuative 替えず かえず kaezu
Formal 替えます かえます kaemasu
Perfective 替えた かえた kaeta
Conjunctive 替えて かえて kaete
Hypothetical conditional 替えれば かえれば kaereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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