手を上げる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 手 | 上 |
| て Grade: 1 |
あ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi | |
Etymology
Phrase composed of 手 (te, “hand, hands”) + を (o, object particle) + 上げる (ageru, “to raise something”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [te̞ o̞ a̠ɡe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
手を上げる • (te o ageru) intransitive ichidan (stem 手を上げ (te o age), past 手を上げた (te o ageta))
- to raise one's hand or hands
- to raise one's hands in supplication or surrender: to give up, to quit, to surrender
- to strike someone, or to threaten to do so: to raise one's fist, to raise one's hand against someone
- (idiomatic) to improve, to raise one's level of skill or competence
- to return one's hands to normal posture, after prostrating oneself (such as in deep apology or supplication)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "手を上げる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 手を上げ | てをあげ | te o age | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 手を上げ | てをあげ | te o age | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 手を上げる | てをあげる | te o ageru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 手を上げる | てをあげる | te o ageru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 手を上げれ | てをあげれ | te o agere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 手を上げよ¹ 手を上げろ² |
てをあげよ¹ てをあげろ² |
te o ageyo¹ te o agero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 手を上げられる | てをあげられる | te o agerareru | |
| Causative | 手を上げさせる 手を上げさす |
てをあげさせる てをあげさす |
te o agesaseru te o agesasu | |
| Potential | 手を上げられる 手を上げれる³ |
てをあげられる てをあげれる³ |
te o agerareru te o agereru³ | |
| Volitional | 手を上げよう | てをあげよう | te o ageyō | |
| Negative | 手を上げない 手を上げぬ 手を上げん |
てをあげない てをあげぬ てをあげん |
te o agenai te o agenu te o agen | |
| Negative continuative | 手を上げず | てをあげず | te o agezu | |
| Formal | 手を上げます | てをあげます | te o agemasu | |
| Perfective | 手を上げた | てをあげた | te o ageta | |
| Conjunctive | 手を上げて | てをあげて | te o agete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 手を上げれば | てをあげれば | te o agereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Synonyms
- (give up): 匙を投げる (saji o nageru) literally, “to throw the spoon”
Related terms
- お手上げ (oteage): throwing up one's hands, giving up, quitting (noun)
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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