定め無い
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 定 | 無 |
| さだ Grade: 3 |
な Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 定めない |
Etymology
Compound of 定め (sadame, “fate; rule, law”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of verb 定める sadameru “to decide, to establish, to settle”) + 無い (nai, “there isn't, does not exist”): literally, “there is no set fate”, and by extension, “changeable”.[1]
Note that this is distinct from the negative form of verb 定める (sadameru), 定めない (sadamenai), although both have the same reading and inflection.[1] Both senses of sadamenai are often written using hiragana for the nai portion. In such cases, the intended sense can be discerned from the context.
Inflection
Inflection of 定め無い
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 定め無かろ | さだめなかろ | sadamenakaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 定め無く | さだめなく | sadamenaku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 定め無い | さだめない | sadamenai |
| Attributive (連体形) | 定め無い | さだめない | sadamenai |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 定め無けれ | さだめなけれ | sadamenakere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 定め無かれ | さだめなかれ | sadamenakare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 定め無くない | さだめなくない | sadamenaku nai |
| Informal past | 定め無かった | さだめなかった | sadamenakatta |
| Informal negative past | 定め無くなかった | さだめなくなかった | sadamenaku nakatta |
| Formal | 定め無いです | さだめないです | sadamenai desu |
| Formal negative | 定め無くないです | さだめなくないです | sadamenaku nai desu |
| Formal past | 定め無かったです | さだめなかったです | sadamenakatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 定め無くなかったです | さだめなくなかったです | sadamenaku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 定め無くて | さだめなくて | sadamenakute |
| Conditional | 定め無ければ | さだめなければ | sadamenakereba |
| Provisional | 定め無かったら | さだめなかったら | sadamenakattara |
| Volitional | 定め無かろう | さだめなかろう | sadamenakarō |
| Adverbial | 定め無く | さだめなく | sadamenaku |
| Degree | 定め無さ | さだめなさ | sadamenasa |
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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