失う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
失
うしな
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
喪う
失ウ

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) うしなう [ùshínáú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝɕina̠ɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "失う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 失う うしなう [ùshínáú]
Imperative (命令形) 失え うしなえ [ùshínáé]
Key constructions
Passive 失われる うしなわれる [ùshínáwárérú]
Causative 失わせる うしなわせる [ùshínáwásérú]
Potential 失える うしなえる [ùshínáérú]
Volitional 失おう うしなお​ー [ùshínáóꜜò]
Negative 失わない うしなわない [ùshínáwánáí]
Negative perfective 失わなかった うしなわな​かった [ùshínáwánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 失います うしないま​す [ùshínáímáꜜsù]
Perfective 失った うしなった [ùshínáttá]
Conjunctive 失って うしなって [ùshínátté]
Hypothetical conditional 失えば うしなえ​ば [ùshínáéꜜbà]

Verb

失(うしな)う • (ushinau) ←うしなふ (usinafu)?transitive godan (stem 失(うしな)い (ushinai), past 失(うしな)った (ushinatta))

  1. to lose (possession of something)
    自(じ)信(しん)を失(うしな)う
    jishin o ushinau
    lose confidence
    • 1945 August 14th, the Shōwa Emperor [昭和天皇], 「大東亞戰爭終結ノ詔書」 [Edict to end the Great East Asia War], paragraph 5, sentence 2:
      若(モ)シ夫(ソ)レ情(ジヤウ)ノ激(ゲキ)スル所(トコロ)濫(ミダリ)ニ事(ジ)端(タン)ヲ滋(シゲ)クシ或(アルイ)ハ同(ドウ)胞(ハウ)排(ハイ)擠(セイ)互(タガヒ)ニ時(ジ)局(キョク)ヲ亂(ミダ)リ爲(タメ)ニ大(ダイ)道(ドウ)ヲ誤(アヤマ)リ信(シン)義(ギ)ヲ世(セ)界(カイ)ニ失(ウシナ)フカ如(ゴト)キハ朕(チン)最(モット)モ之(コレ)ヲ戒(イマシ)ム
      Moshi sore zyau no geki suru tokoro midari ni jitan wo shige kushi arui wa doufau faisei tagafi ni jikyoku wo midari tame ni daidou wo ayamari shingi wo sekai ni usinafu ka gotoki wa Tin mottomo kore wo imashimu[.]
      Beware most strictly of any outbursts of emotion which may endanger needless complications, or any fraternal contention and strife which may create confusion, lead ye astray and cause ye to lose the confidence of the world.
       1945 translation by Tadaichi Hirakawa [平川唯一]
  2. to miss an opportunity etc.
    学(まな)ぶ機(き)会(かい)を失(うしな)う
    manabu kikai o ushinau
    miss the chance to learn something
  3. to lose a person (following their death), be bereaved of someone
    夫(おっと)を失(うしな)う
    otto o ushinau
    lose one's husband

Conjugation
Conjugation of "失う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 失わ うしなわ ushinawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 失い うしない ushinai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 失う うしなう ushinau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 失う うしなう ushinau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 失え うしなえ ushinae
Meireikei ("imperative") 失え うしなえ ushinae
Key constructions
Passive 失われる うしなわれる ushinawareru
Causative 失わせる
失わす		 うしなわせる
うしなわす		 ushinawaseru
ushinawasu
Potential 失える うしなえる ushinaeru
Volitional 失おう うしなおう ushinaō
Negative 失わない うしなわない ushinawanai
Negative continuative 失わず うしなわず ushinawazu
Formal 失います うしないます ushinaimasu
Perfective 失った うしなった ushinatta
Conjunctive 失って うしなって ushinatte
Hypothetical conditional 失えば うしなえば ushinaeba

Synonyms

Antonyms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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