堕落

See also: 墮落

Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 堕落 – see 墮落 (“to degenerate; to sink low; to fall; to drop; to come off”).
(This term is the simplified form of 墮落).
Notes:

Japanese
Kanji in this term
堕 落
だ
Grade: S		 らく
Grade: 3
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
墮落 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation
    • (Tokyo) だらく [dàrákú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
    • IPA(key): [da̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

    Noun

    堕(だ)落(らく) • (daraku) 

    1. depravity, corruption, degradation

    Derived terms
    • 堕落論(だらくろん) (darakuron)

    Adjective

    堕(だ)落(らく) • (daraku) 

    1. depraved (extremely wrong in a moral sense)

    Verb

    堕(だ)落(らく)する • (daraku suru) suru (stem 堕(だ)落(らく)し (daraku shi), past 堕(だ)落(らく)した (daraku shita))

    1. to corrupt, backslide, degenerate

    Conjugation
    Conjugation of "堕落する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 堕落し だらくし daraku shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 堕落し だらくし daraku shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 堕落する だらくする daraku suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 堕落する だらくする daraku suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 堕落すれ だらくすれ daraku sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 堕落せよ¹
    堕落しろ²    		 だらくせよ¹
    だらくしろ²    		 daraku seyo¹
    daraku shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 堕落される だらくされる daraku sareru
    Causative 堕落させる
    堕落さす    		 だらくさせる
    だらくさす    		 daraku saseru
    daraku sasu
    Potential 堕落できる だらくできる daraku dekiru
    Volitional 堕落しよう だらくしよう daraku shiyō
    Negative 堕落しない だらくしない daraku shinai
    Negative continuative 堕落せず だらくせず daraku sezu
    Formal 堕落します だらくします daraku shimasu
    Perfective 堕落した だらくした daraku shita
    Conjunctive 堕落して だらくして daraku shite
    Hypothetical conditional 堕落すれば だらくすれば daraku sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    References
    1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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