国境

Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 国境 – see 國境 (“border of a country”).
(This term is the simplified form of 國境).
Notes:

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
国 境
こく > こっ
Grade: 2		 きょう
Grade: 5
on’yomi goon
Alternative spelling
國境 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 國境 (MC kwok kjaengX). First attested in a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 706.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こっきょー [kòkkyóó] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

Noun

国(こっ)境(きょう) • (kokkyō) ←こくきやう (kokukyau)?

  1. [from 706] a national border or frontier (part of a country that fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region)
    Synonyms: 国界 (kokkai), 国境 (kunizakai)
Derived terms
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)なき医(い)師(し)団(だん) (Kokkyō Naki Ishidan, “Doctors Without Borders”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)税(ぜい) (kokkyōzei), 国(こっ)境(きょう)関(かん)税(ぜい) (kokkyō kanzei, “border tariff”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)税(ぜい)関(かん) (kokkyō zeikan, “border customs house”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)警(けい)備(び)兵(へい) (kokkyō keibihei, “border or frontier guard”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)線(せん) (kokkyōsen, “border”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)地(ち)帯(たい) (kokkyō chitai, “region along a border”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)地(ち)方(ほう) (kokkyō chihō, “borderland”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)紛(ふん)争(そう) (kokkyō funsō, “border dispute”)
  • 国(こっ)境(きょう)貿(ぼう)易(えき) (kokkyō bōeki, “border trade”)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
国 境
くに
Grade: 2		 さかい > ざかい
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
國境 (kyūjitai)
国界

Compound of 国(くに) (kuni, “province; country”) + 境(さかい) (sakai, “border”). The sakai changes to zakai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

First attested in 1660.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) くにざ​かい [kùnízáꜜkàì] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɲ̟iza̠ka̠i]

Noun

国(くに)境(ざかい) • (kunizakai) ←くにざかひ (kunizakafi)?

  1. [from 1660] a national or provincial border or frontier
    Synonyms: 国境 (kokkyō), 国界 (kokkai)
    信濃(しなの)と武蔵(むさし)の国(くに)境(ざかい)に
    Shinano to Musashi no kunizakai ni
    on the border between Shinano and Musashi
Usage notes

This reading is usually restricted to the context of historical Japanese geography.

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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