及び
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
及 |
およ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Etymology
From the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 及ぶ (oyobu, “to reach”).[1][2]
Compare Middle Korean 밋 (mìs) / Korean 및 (mit) from Middle Korean 밋다〮 (mìstá).
Pronunciation
Conjunction
及び • (oyobi)
Usage notes
- This term is often spelled in hiragana, as および.
- Used in conjunction with 並びに (narabi ni) to form complex lists, particularly in legal contexts. Narabi ni divides subsets within the list while oyobi is used to conjoin more closely related items.
- 1946, “Article 7.5”, in Constitution of Japan:
- 國務大臣及び法律の定めるその他の官吏の任免竝びに全權委任狀及び大使及び公使の信任狀を認證すること。
- Kokumu daijin oyobi hōritsu no sadameru sono ta no kanri no ninmen narabi ni zenken ininjō oyobi taishi oyobi kōshi no shinninjō o ninshō suru koto.
- Attestation of the appointment and dismissal of Ministers of State and other officials as provided for by law, and of full powers and credentials of Ambassadors and Ministers.
- 國務大臣及び法律の定めるその他の官吏の任免竝びに全權委任狀及び大使及び公使の信任狀を認證すること。
Derived terms
- 及びもつかない (oyobi mo tsukanai)
- 及びもない (oyobi mo nai)
- 及び無し (oyobi nashi)
References
- Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- “及び”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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