卒塔婆

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
卒 塔 婆
そつ > そ
Grade: 4		 とう
Grade: S		 ば
Grade: S
irregular on’yomi goon
Alternative spellings
率塔婆
窣堵婆

From Middle Chinese 卒塔婆 (MC tswit|tshwot|tswot thap ba), in turn a transliteration of Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa, “heap, mound, relic-shrine, summit”).[1][2][3][4]

The length of the medial /-o-/ vowel has apparently varied somewhat over time. First cited to a text from 850, with the spelling 窣堵婆 (sotoba?).[1] The short-"o" reading sotoba appears to be more common in modern usage.

Pronunciation

Noun

卒(そ)塔(とう)婆(ば) • (sotōba) ←そたふば (sotafuba)?

  1. [from 850] (Buddhism) stupa (structure housing Buddhist relics), dagoba
  2. [from 1028] (Buddhism) wooden grave tablet

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
卒 塔 婆
そつ > そ
Grade: 4		 とう > と
Grade: S		 ば
Grade: S
irregular goon
Alternative spellings
卒塔婆
率塔婆
卒都婆
率都婆

Possibly a sound shift from sotōba. Then again, the length of the medial /-o-/ vowel has apparently varied somewhat over time. First cited to a text from 850, with the spelling 窣堵婆 (sotoba?).[1] The short-"o" reading sotoba appears to be more common in modern usage.

Pronunciation

Noun

卒(そ)塔(と)婆(ば) • (sotoba) 

  1. [from 850] (Buddhism) stupa (structure housing Buddhist relics), dagoba
  2. [from 1028] (Buddhism) wooden grave tablet
Derived terms
  • 町石(ちょうせき)卒塔婆(そとば) (chōseki sotoba)

See also
  • 舎(しゃ)利(り)塔(とう) (sharitō)

References
  1. “卒都婆・卒塔婆・率都婆”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. “卒塔婆”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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