光る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
ひか
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology

⟨pi1karu⟩ → */pʲikaru//ɸikaru//hikaru/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pikaru.

The initial hika- is cognate with ぴかぴか (pikapika, glitteringly, sparklingly).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [hìkáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [çika̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "光る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
光る [hìkáꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 光れ [hìkáꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 光られる かられ [hìkáráréꜜrù]
Causative 光らせる からせ [hìkáráséꜜrù]
Potential 光れる かれ [hìkáréꜜrù]
Volitional 光ろう かろ [hìkáróꜜò]
Negative 光らない からない [hìkáráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 光らなかった からなかった [hìkáráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 光ります かりま [hìkárímáꜜsù]
Perfective 光った った [hìkáꜜttà]
Conjunctive 光って って [hìkáꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 光れば れば [hìkáꜜrèbà]

Verb

(ひか) • (hikaru) intransitive godan (stem (ひか) (hikari), past (ひか)った (hikatta))

  1. to shine, gleam, glitter
    ピカピカ(ひか)
    pikapika hikaru
    to glitter
  2. to shine, stand out, be excellent

Conjugation

Derived terms

Idioms

  • 阿弥陀(あみだ)(ぜに)ほど(ひか) (Amida mo zeni hodo hikaru)
  • ()(ひか) (me ga hikaru)
  • ()(ひか)らす (me o hikarasu)

Proverbs

  • 瑠璃(るり)玻璃(はり)()らせば(ひか) (ruri mo hari mo teraseba hikaru, whether lapis lazuli or quartz can shine, still shines → differing talents and qualities still stand out)

See also

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *pikaru.

From stem ひか (pi1ka-, cognate with modern ぴかぴか (pikapika), “glitteringly, sparklingly) + (-ru, verb suffix).

Most likely cognate with (pi1, sun).

Verb

光る (pi1karu) (kana ひかる)

  1. to shine, gleam, glitter

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Japanese: 光る (hikaru)

See also

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