らむ

Japanese

Etymology

The final -mu is cognate with conjectural む (mu).

Particle

らむ • (ramu) 

  1. conjecture about a presently occurring situation that the speaker has no direct knowledge about
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 4:
      玉剋春 内乃大野尓 馬数而 朝布麻須等六 其草深野
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 1, poem 40:
      鳴呼見乃浦尓 船乗為良武 𡢳嬬等之 珠裳乃須十二 四宝三都良武香
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. conjecture about the cause or reason of a presently occurring situation that is directly observed by the speaker
  3. hearsay based on things heard or read

Conjugation

Attaches to the Conclusive. Incomplete quadrigrade:

Classical conjugation of "らむ" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) -
Continuative (連用形) -
Terminal (終止形) らむ
らん		ramu
ran
Attributive (連体形) らむ
らん		ramu
ran
Realis (已然形) らめrame
Imperative (命令形) -

Derived terms

See also
  • らし (rashi)

References
  • Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.
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