つむる

Japanese
Alternative spelling
瞑る

Etymology

From つぶる (tsuburu). Bilabial plosive /b/ becomes bilabial nasal /m/.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) つむる [tsùmúrú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝmɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

つむる • (tsumuru) transitive godan (stem つむり (tsumuri), past つむった (tsumutta))

  1. Alternative form of つぶる (tsuburu, “to close one's eyes”)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "つむる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") つむら tsumura
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") つむり tsumuri
Shūshikei ("terminal") つむる tsumuru
Rentaikei ("attributive") つむる tsumuru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") つむれ tsumure
Meireikei ("imperative") つむれ tsumure
Key constructions
Passive つむられる tsumurareru
Causative つむらせる
つむらす		 tsumuraseru
tsumurasu
Potential つむれる tsumureru
Volitional つむろう tsumurō
Negative つむらない tsumuranai
Negative continuative つむらず tsumurazu
Formal つむります tsumurimasu
Perfective つむった tsumutta
Conjunctive つむって tsumutte
Hypothetical conditional つむれば tsumureba

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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