ちびる

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spelling
禿びる

/tubu//t͡subu//t͡ɕibu/ → (grammatical shift) /t͡ɕibiru/

Shift from earlier form 禿ぶ (tsubu, to become round and small, such as from wear; to become bald). Cognate with (tsubu, grain; small thing), 円ら (tsubura, round and plump; small and round).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

ちびる • (chibiru) intransitive ichidan (stem ちび (chibi), past ちびた (chibita))

  1. to wear down and become small
Conjugation
Derived terms
  • 禿()(ふで) (chibifude, a worn-down calligraphy brush)
  • 禿(ちび) (chibiru, to wear down and become small, 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, quadrigrade conjugation), rare)
  • ちび (chibi, runt, pipsqueak)

Etymology 2

Possibly derived from the underlying sense of little bit, small amount of noun (tsubu, root of homophonous verb 禿びる (to wear down)), or a shift in sense from that verb.

First attested in a work from 1772.[4]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [chìbíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕibʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

ちびる • (chibiru) godan (stem ちびり (chibiri), past ちびった (chibitta))

  1. [from before 1772] (informal) to stint, to pay out or use something in a stingy fashion
    Synonyms: 出し惜しむ (dashioshimu), けちけちする (kechikechi suru)
  2. [from 1772] (informal) to leak something out a little bit at a time; (by extension) to urinate or defecate a small amount
  3. [from early 1890s] (informal) to drink a little bit at a time, to sip slowly, to nurse one's drink
Conjugation

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. ちびる”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
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