うなずく
Japanese
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 頷く 首肯く 肯く 点頭く |
Etymology
Thought to be from 項 (una-, “of the neck or nape”) + 突く (tsuku, “to poke, to push, to jab, to prod”).[1][2] The tsuku changes to zuku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) うなずく [ùnázúꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) うなずく [ùnázúkú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝna̠zɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "うなずく"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
うなずく | うなずく うなずく |
[ùnázúꜜkù] [ùnázúkú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | うなずけ | うなずけ うなずけ |
[ùnázúꜜkè] [ùnázúké] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | うなずかれる | うなずかれる うなずかれる |
[ùnázúkáréꜜrù] [ùnázúkárérú] |
| Causative | うなずかせる | うなずかせる うなずかせる |
[ùnázúkáséꜜrù] [ùnázúkásérú] |
| Potential | うなずける | うなずける うなずける |
[ùnázúkéꜜrù] [ùnázúkérú] |
| Volitional | うなずこう | うなずこー | [ùnázúkóꜜò] |
| Negative | うなずかない | うなずかない うなずかない |
[ùnázúkáꜜnàì] [ùnázúkánáí] |
| Negative perfective | うなずかなかった | うなずかなかった うなずかなかった |
[ùnázúkáꜜnàkàttà] [ùnázúkánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | うなずきます | うなずきます | [ùnázúkímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | うなずいた | うなずいた うなずいた |
[ùnázúꜜìtà] [ùnázúítá] |
| Conjunctive | うなずいて | うなずいて うなずいて |
[ùnázúꜜìtè] [ùnázúíté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | うなずけば | うなずけば うなずけば |
[ùnázúꜜkèbà] [ùnázúkéꜜbà] |
Verb
うなずく or うなづく • (unazuku) ←うなづく (unaduku)?intransitive godan (stem うなずき (unazuki), past うなずいた (unazuita))
- to nod, to move one's head down in agreement
Conjugation
Conjugation of "うなずく" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | うなずか | unazuka | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | うなずき | unazuki | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | うなずく | unazuku | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | うなずく | unazuku | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | うなずけ | unazuke | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | うなずけ | unazuke | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | うなずかれる | unazukareru | |
| Causative | うなずかせる うなずかす |
unazukaseru unazukasu | |
| Potential | うなずける | unazukeru | |
| Volitional | うなずこう | unazukō | |
| Negative | うなずかない | unazukanai | |
| Negative continuative | うなずかず | unazukazu | |
| Formal | うなずきます | unazukimasu | |
| Perfective | うなずいた | unazuita | |
| Conjunctive | うなずいて | unazuite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | うなずけば | unazukeba | |
Classical conjugation of "うなづく" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | うなづか | unaduka | |
| Continuative (連用形) | うなづき | unaduki | |
| Terminal (終止形) | うなづく | unaduku | |
| Attributive (連体形) | うなづく | unaduku | |
| Realis (已然形) | うなづけ | unaduke | |
| Imperative (命令形) | うなづけ | unaduke | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | うなづかず | unadukazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | うなづけど | unadukedo | |
| Causal conjunction | うなづけば | unadukeba | |
| Conditional conjunction | うなづかば | unadukaba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | うなづきき | unadukiki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | うなづきけり | unadukikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | うなづきつ | unadukitu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | うなづきぬ | unadukinu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | うなづけり うなづきたり | unadukeri unadukitari | |
| Volitional | うなづかむ | unadukamu | |
References
- Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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