ῥάχις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes of Pre-Greek origin or related to Lithuanian ražis (“stubble”). Compare ῥαχός (rhakhós, “thorn hedge”).

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ῥάχῐς • (rhákhis) f (genitive ῥάχῐος or ῥάχεως); third declension

  1. chine, lower part of the back
  2. (anatomy) spine or backbone
  3. anything ridged like a backbone:
    1. ridge of a hill or mountain
    2. bridge of the nose
    3. (botany) midrib of a leaf
    4. sharp projection on the middle of the shoulder blade
    5. outer edge of the arm of the polypus

Inflection
Third declension of ἡ ῥᾰ́χῐς; τῆς ῥάχῐος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ ῥᾰ́χῐς
hē rhákhis		 τὼ ῥᾰ́χει
tṑ rhákhei		 αἱ ῥᾰ́χεις
hai rhákheis
Genitive τῆς ῥάχῐος / ῥάχεως
tês rhákhios / rhákheōs		 τοῖν ῥᾰχέοιν
toîn rhakhéoin		 τῶν ῥᾰ́χεων
tôn rhákheōn
Dative τῇ ῥάχει / ῥάχῑ
têi rhákhei / rhákhī		 τοῖν ῥᾰχέοιν
toîn rhakhéoin		 ταῖς ῥᾰ́χεσῐ / ῥᾰ́χεσῐν
taîs rhákhesi(n)
Accusative τὴν ῥᾰ́χῐν
tḕn rhákhin		 τὼ ῥᾰ́χει
tṑ rhákhei		 τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰ́χεις
tā̀s rhákheis
Vocative ῥᾰ́χῐ
rhákhi		 ῥᾰ́χει
rhákhei		 ῥᾰ́χεις
rhákheis
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms
  • ῥαχιαῖος (rhakhiaîos)
  • ῥαχίζω (rhakhízō)
  • ῥαχιστής (rhakhistḗs)
  • ῥαχιστός (rhakhistós)
  • ῥαχίτης (rhakhítēs)

Descendants
  • Greek: ράχη (ráchi)
  • → English: rachis
  • → Italian: rachide

Further reading
  • “ῥάχις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ῥάχις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ῥάχις”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ῥάχις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ῥάχις in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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