ὦμος

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émōs. Cognates include Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), Latin umerus, Old Armenian ուս (us), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

ὦμος • (ômos) m (genitive ὤμου); second declension

1. shoulder with the upper arm; also of an animal
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.146:

      […], τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξ᾽, ἀπὸ δ᾽ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδ᾽ ἀπὸ νώτου.

      […], tòn d᾽ héteron xípheï megálōi klēï̂da par᾽ ômon plêx᾽, apò d᾽ aukhénos ômon eérgathen ēd᾽ apò nṓtou.

      […], the other with his long sword on the collarbone, shearing the shoulder from the neck and spine.

   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.106:

     "ἐγὼ τήνδε τὴν χώρην ὤμοισι τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι ἐκτησάμην."

     "egṑ tḗnde tḕn khṓrēn ṓmoisi toîsi emoîsi ektēsámēn."

     "I myself won this land with the strength of my shoulders."

   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.267:

      […]· ὑψοῦ δὲ κάρη ἔχει, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται ὤμοις ἀΐσσονται· […]

      […]; hupsoû dè kárē ékhei, amphì dè khaîtai ṓmois aḯssontai; […]

      […], tossing his head while his mane streams over his shoulders, […]

   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 430:

      […]· γλαυκιόων δ᾽ ὄσσοις δεινὸν πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους οὐρῇ μαστιόων ποσσὶν γλάφει, […]

      […]; glaukióōn d᾽ óssois deinòn pleurás te kaì ṓmous ourêi mastióōn possìn gláphei, […]

     […] his eyes glare fiercely, while he tears up the earth with his paws and lashes his flanks and shoulders with his tail […]

   1. (particularly) shoulder (sometimes in contrast to the arm)

      Synonyms: πρῠμνὸς ὦμος (prumnòs ômos), πρῠμνότᾰτος (prumnótatos)

      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.341:

        Δηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε φεύγοντ᾽ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.

        Dēḯokhon dè Páris bále neíaton ômon ópisthe pheúgont᾽ en promákhoisi, dià prò dè khalkòn élassen.

        Deiochus fled with the other leaders, but Paris struck him from behind at the base of the shoulder, and drove the bronze clean through.

      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 150:

        τῶν ἑκατὸν μὲν χεῖρες ἀπ᾽ ὤμων ἀίσσοντο, ἄπλαστοι, κεφαλαὶ δὲ ἑκάστῳ πεντήκοντα ἐξ ὤμων ἐπέφυκον ἐπὶ στιβαροῖσι μέλεσσιν· […]

        tôn hekatòn mèn kheîres ap᾽ ṓmōn aíssonto, áplastoi, kephalaì dè hekástōi pentḗkonta ex ṓmōn epéphukon epì stibaroîsi mélessin; […]

        From their shoulders sprang a hundred arms, not to be approached, and fifty heads grew from the shoulders upon the strong limbs of each, […]

   2. shoulder of a dress
      • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 28.12:

        καὶ θήσεις τοὺς δύο λίθους ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τῆς ἐπωμίδος· […]

        kaì thḗseis toùs dúo líthous epì tôn ṓmōn tês epōmídos; […]

        And you shall set the two stones on the shoulders of the shoulder-strap.

2. (figurative) parts below the top or head of anything, especially of the fork of a vine

• ⇒ English: omo-
• Greek: ώμος (ómos)
• ⇒ New Latin: ōmohȳoīdēs, ōmohȳoīdeus

• ὠλένη (ōlénē)

• “ὦμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὦμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὦμος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὦμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ὦμος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὦμος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5606 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • shoulder idem, page 769.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN