ὅμηρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Probably from ὁμοῦ (homoû, “together”) + the ἀρ- (ar-) found in ἀραρίσκω (ararískō, “to fasten, join”), with a similar sense development in Latin obses (“pledge, security, hostage”). Compare ὁμαρτέω (homartéō), ὅμᾰδος (hómados).

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ὅμηρος • (hómēros) m (genitive ὁμήρου); second declension

  1. pledge, surety, hostage
    • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.108.3:
      Λοκρῶν τῶν Ὀπουντίων ἑκατὸν ἄνδρας ὁμήρους τοὺς πλουσιωτάτους ἔλαβον
      Lokrôn tôn Opountíōn hekatòn ándras homḗrous toùs plousiōtátous élabon
      from the Locrians of Opus [The Athenians] took as hostages a hundred of the richest men

Declension
Second declension of ὁ ὅμηρος; τοῦ ὁμήρου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ ὅμηρος
ho hómēros		 τὼ ὁμήρω
tṑ homḗrō		 οἱ ὅμηροι
hoi hómēroi
Genitive τοῦ ὁμήρου
toû homḗrou		 τοῖν ὁμήροιν
toîn homḗroin		 τῶν ὁμήρων
tôn homḗrōn
Dative τῷ ὁμήρῳ
tôi homḗrōi		 τοῖν ὁμήροιν
toîn homḗroin		 τοῖς ὁμήροις
toîs homḗrois
Accusative τὸν ὅμηρον
tòn hómēron		 τὼ ὁμήρω
tṑ homḗrō		 τοὺς ὁμήρους
toùs homḗrous
Vocative ὅμηρε
hómēre		 ὁμήρω
homḗrō		 ὅμηροι
hómēroi
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
  • ὁμαρτέω (homartéō)

Further reading
  • “ὅμηρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ὅμηρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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