ὄμβρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally connected to Sanskrit अभ्र (abhrá), Latin imber, and Old Armenian ամբ (amb), but formal derivation from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós presents several problems. *n̥, *bʰ would be expected to yield ᾰ, φ (a, ph), although Miller’s deaspiration rule would explain this. The accent would likely be on the ultima. Possibly related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀃𐀖𐀪𐀍 (o-mi-ri-jo), 𐀃𐀖𐀪𐀍𐀂 (o-mi-ri-jo-i, dat. pl.). Szemerényi assumes a loanword, so it is possibly a Pre-Greek word. Compare Latin Umbri.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /óm.bros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈom.bros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈom.bros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈom.bros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈom.bros/

Noun

ὄμβρος • (ómbros) m (genitive ὄμβρου); second declension

storm of rain, thunderstorm, sent by Zeus
(in general) water, as an element
inundation, flood, deluge
(figuratively) storm, shower

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ὄμβρος; τοῦ ὄμβρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ὄμβρος ho ómbros	τὼ ὄμβρω tṑ ómbrō	οἱ ὄμβροι hoi ómbroi
Genitive	τοῦ ὄμβρου toû ómbrou	τοῖν ὄμβροιν toîn ómbroin	τῶν ὄμβρων tôn ómbrōn
Dative	τῷ ὄμβρῳ tôi ómbrōi	τοῖν ὄμβροιν toîn ómbroin	τοῖς ὄμβροις toîs ómbrois
Accusative	τὸν ὄμβρον tòn ómbron	τὼ ὄμβρω tṑ ómbrō	τοὺς ὄμβρους toùs ómbrous
Vocative	ὄμβρε ómbre	ὄμβρω ómbrō	ὄμβροι ómbroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἔπομβρος (épombros)
κᾰ́τομβρος (kátombros)
ὀμβρέω (ombréō)
ὀμβρηγενής (ombrēgenḗs)
ὀμβρηλός (ombrēlós)
ὄμβρημᾰ (ómbrēma)
ὀμβρηρός (ombrērós)
ὄμβρησῐς (ómbrēsis)
ὀμβροβλῠτέω (ombroblutéō)
ὀμβροδόκος (ombrodókos)
ὀμβροκτῠ́πος (ombroktúpos)
ὀμβροποιός (ombropoiós)
ὀμβροτόκος (ombrotókos)
ὀμβροφόρος (ombrophóros)
ὀμβροχᾰρης (ombrokharēs)
ὀμβρόω (ombróō)
ὀμβρώδης (ombrṓdēs)
ὀμβρῐ́ζω (ombrízō)
ὀμβρῐκός (ombrikós)
ὄμβρῐμος (ómbrimos)
ὄμβρῐος (ómbrios)
ὀμβρῐ́ᾱ (ombríā)
φέρομβρον (phérombron)

References

“ὄμβρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὄμβρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ὄμβρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὄμβρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ὄμβρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ὄμβρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3655 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- rain idem, page 669.
- shower idem, page 770.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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