ὀτρύνω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to stir, move, hasten, hurry”) with irregular metathesis, related to Sanskrit तुर (tura, “strong, powerful”), Sanskrit त्वरते (tvárate, “hasten, hurry, urge”), Albanian turrem (“I rush”), the Celtic tribe Turones, and Latin Tyras. However, the initial ὀ- prefix is not expected.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /o.try̌ː.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /oˈtry.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /oˈtry.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /oˈtry.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /oˈtri.no/
Conjugation
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὀτρῡ́νω | ὀτρῡ́νεις | ὀτρῡ́νει | ὀτρῡ́νετον | ὀτρῡ́νετον | ὀτρῡ́νομεν | ὀτρῡ́νετε | ὀτρῡ́νουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ὀτρῡ́νω | ὀτρῡ́νῃς | ὀτρῡ́νῃ | ὀτρῡ́νητον | ὀτρῡ́νητον | ὀτρῡ́νωμεν | ὀτρῡ́νητε | ὀτρῡ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ὀτρῡ́νοιμῐ | ὀτρῡ́νοις | ὀτρῡ́νοι | ὀτρῡ́νοιτον | ὀτρῡνοίτην | ὀτρῡ́νοιμεν | ὀτρῡ́νοιτε | ὀτρῡ́νοιεν | |||||
imperative | ὄτρῡνε | ὀτρῡνέτω | ὀτρῡ́νετον | ὀτρῡνέτων | ὀτρῡ́νετε | ὀτρῡνόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὀτρῡ́νομαι | ὀτρῡ́νῃ, ὀτρῡ́νει |
ὀτρῡ́νεται | ὀτρῡ́νεσθον | ὀτρῡ́νεσθον | ὀτρῡνόμεθᾰ | ὀτρῡ́νεσθε | ὀτρῡ́νονται | ||||
subjunctive | ὀτρῡ́νωμαι | ὀτρῡ́νῃ | ὀτρῡ́νηται | ὀτρῡ́νησθον | ὀτρῡ́νησθον | ὀτρῡνώμεθᾰ | ὀτρῡ́νησθε | ὀτρῡ́νωνται | |||||
optative | ὀτρῡνοίμην | ὀτρῡ́νοιο | ὀτρῡ́νοιτο | ὀτρῡ́νοισθον | ὀτρῡνοίσθην | ὀτρῡνοίμεθᾰ | ὀτρῡ́νοισθε | ὀτρῡ́νοιντο | |||||
imperative | ὀτρῡ́νου | ὀτρῡνέσθω | ὀτρῡ́νεσθον | ὀτρῡνέσθων | ὀτρῡ́νεσθε | ὀτρῡνέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὀτρῡ́νειν | ὀτρῡ́νεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὀτρῡ́νων | ὀτρῡνόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὀτρῡ́νουσᾰ | ὀτρῡνομένη | |||||||||||
n | ὀτρῦνον | ὀτρῡνόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ὤτρῡνον, ὠτρῡνόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤτρῡνον | ὤτρῡνες | ὤτρῡνε(ν) | ὠτρῡ́νετον | ὠτρῡνέτην | ὠτρῡ́νομεν | ὠτρῡ́νετε | ὤτρῡνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠτρῡνόμην | ὠτρῡ́νου | ὠτρῡ́νετο | ὠτρῡ́νεσθον | ὠτρῡνέσθην | ὠτρῡνόμεθᾰ | ὠτρῡ́νεσθε | ὠτρῡ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὀτρῡ́νεσκον | ὀτρῡ́νεσκες | ὀτρῡ́νεσκε(ν) | ὀτρῡνέσκετον | ὀτρῡνεσκέτην | ὀτρῡνέσκομεν | ὀτρῡνέσκετε | ὀτρῡ́νεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὀτρῡνεσκόμην | ὀτρῡνέσκου | ὀτρῡνέσκετο | ὀτρῡνέσκεσθον | ὀτρῡνεσκέσθην | ὀτρῡνεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῡνέσκεσθε | ὀτρῡνέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὀτρῠνέω | ὀτρῠνέεις | ὀτρῠνέει | ὀτρῠνέετον | ὀτρῠνέετον | ὀτρῠνέομεν | ὀτρῠνέετε | ὀτρῠνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ὀτρῠνέοιμῐ | ὀτρῠνέοισ(θᾰ) | ὀτρῠνέοι | ὀτρῠνέοιτον | ὀτρῠνεοίτην | ὀτρῠνέοιμεν | ὀτρῠνέοιτε | ὀτρῠνέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ὀτρῠνέομαι | ὀτρῠνέεαι | ὀτρῠνέεται | ὀτρῠνέεσθον | ὀτρῠνέεσθον | ὀτρῠνεόμε(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῠνέεσθε | ὀτρῠνέονται | ||||
optative | ὀτρῠνεοίμην | ὀτρῠνέοιο | ὀτρῠνέοιτο | ὀτρῠνέοισθον | ὀτρῠνεοίσθην | ὀτρῠνεοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῠνέοισθε | ὀτρῠνεοίᾰτο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὀτρῠνέειν/ὀτρῠνεέμεν(αι)/ὀτρῠνέμεν(αι) | ὀτρῠνέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὀτρῠνέων | ὀτρῠνεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὀτρῠνέουσᾰ | ὀτρῠνεομένη | |||||||||||
n | ὀτρῠνέον | ὀτρῠνεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὄτρῡνᾰ | ὄτρῡνᾰς | ὄτρῡνε(ν) | ὀτρῡ́νᾰτον | ὀτρῡνᾰ́την | ὀτρῡ́νᾰμεν | ὀτρῡ́νᾰτε | ὄτρῡνᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ὀτρῡ́νω, ὀτρῡ́νωμῐ |
ὀτρῡ́νῃς, ὀτρῡ́νῃσθᾰ |
ὀτρῡ́νῃ, ὀτρῡ́νῃσῐ |
ὀτρῡ́νητον | ὀτρῡ́νητον | ὀτρῡ́νωμεν | ὀτρῡ́νητε | ὀτρῡ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ὀτρῡ́ναιμῐ | ὀτρῡ́ναις, ὀτρῡ́ναισθᾰ, ὀτρῡ́νειᾰς |
ὀτρῡ́νειε(ν), ὀτρῡ́ναι |
ὀτρῡνεῖτον | ὀτρῡνείτην | ὀτρῡνεῖμεν | ὀτρῡνεῖτε | ὀτρῡνεῖεν | |||||
imperative | ὄτρῡνον | ὀτρῡνᾰ́τω | ὀτρῡ́νᾰτον | ὀτρῡνᾰ́των | ὀτρῡ́νᾰτε | ὀτρῡνᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ὀτρῡνᾰ́μην | ὀτρῡ́νᾰο | ὀτρῡ́νᾰτο | ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθον | ὀτρῡνᾰ́σθην | ὀτρῡνᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθε | ὀτρῡ́νᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ὀτρῡ́νωμαι | ὀτρῡ́νηαι | ὀτρῡ́νηται | ὀτρῡ́νησθον | ὀτρῡ́νησθον | ὀτρῡνώμε(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῡ́νησθε | ὀτρῡ́νωνται | |||||
optative | ὀτρῡναίμην | ὀτρῡ́ναιο | ὀτρῡ́ναιτο | ὀτρῡ́ναισθον | ὀτρῡναίσθην | ὀτρῡναίμε(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῡ́ναισθε | ὀτρῡναίᾰτο | |||||
imperative | ὄτρῡναι | ὀτρῡνᾰ́σθω | ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθον | ὀτρῡνᾰ́σθων | ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθε | ὀτρῡνᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὀτρῦναι/ὀτρῡνᾰ́μεν/ὀτρῡνᾰμέναι | ὀτρῡ́νᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὀτρῡ́νᾱς | ὀτρῡνᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | ὀτρῡ́νᾱσᾰ | ὀτρῡνᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | ὀτρῦνᾰν | ὀτρῡνᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1123
Further reading
- “ὀτρύνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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