ἴουλος

See also: Ἴουλος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

(corn sheaf): οὖλος (oûlos)
(rainbow wrasse): ἰουλίς (ioulís)

Etymology

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root of οὖλος (oûlos, “wooly, fuzzy”) and εἰλέω (eiléō, “to turn, wind”). However according to targum exegetes it could be borrowed from Phoenician *𐤉𐤋 (*yūl) from the Proto-Semitic lizard name *waral-. This form and similar meanings can be reconstructed on the basis of the animal name’s Jewish Literary Aramaic measure יָלָא (yālā), alternating with יַלָּא (yallā), since /aː/ regularly comes out /uː/ in Phoenician-Punic (like 𐤓𐤀𐤔 (rʾš /⁠rūš⁠/, “head”) from *raʾš- (“head”)). In Jewish Aramaic it also meant a kind of blood-sucking animal, and even closer to the original meaning of a worral would be the Greek senses of certain earth-graving insects. “The first growth of the whiskers and beard” would then be transferred from the image of the undersides of the throats of certain lizards; corn-sheaves afford a similar picture. From any of these meanings the sense of a catkin can be transferred.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /í.uː.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.u.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.u.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.u.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.u.los/

Noun

ἴουλος • (íoulos) m (genitive ἰούλου); second declension

down, the first growth of the whiskers and beard
corn sheaf
(botany) catkin; tendril
creature like the centipede, perhaps the woodlouse or the earthworm

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἴουλος; τοῦ ἰούλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἴουλος ho íoulos	τὼ ἰούλω tṑ ioúlō	οἱ ἴουλοι hoi íouloi
Genitive	τοῦ ἰούλου toû ioúlou	τοῖν ἰούλοιν toîn ioúloin	τῶν ἰούλων tôn ioúlōn
Dative	τῷ ἰούλῳ tôi ioúlōi	τοῖν ἰούλοιν toîn ioúloin	τοῖς ἰούλοις toîs ioúlois
Accusative	τὸν ἴουλον tòn íoulon	τὼ ἰούλω tṑ ioúlō	τοὺς ἰούλους toùs ioúlous
Vocative	ἴουλε íoule	ἰούλω ioúlō	ἴουλοι íouloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἰουλίζω (ioulízō)
ἰουλίς (ioulís)
ἰουλόπεζος (ioulópezos)
ἰουλοφόρος (ioulophóros)
Ἰουλώ (Ioulṓ)
ἰουλώδης (ioulṓdēs)

Descendants

Greek: ίουλος (íoulos)
→ Latin: iūlus