ἰαίνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

In Sanskrit we find इषण्यति (iṣaṇyati, “to urge on, incite”), that might correspond to the Greek verb. However, the etymology has been doubted because of the deviant meanings. If correct, these two verbs may be derivatives of an r/n-stem, which was based on primary इष्यति (iṣyati, “to impel, send”), इष्णाति (iṣṇāti, “to incite, throw, swing”).

Pronunciation
 

Verb

ἰαίνω • (iaínō)

  1. (transitive) to heat, warm
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.426:
      ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ πυρὶ χαλκὸν ἰήνατε
      amphì dé hoi purì khalkòn iḗnate
      and for him heat up a cauldron on the fire
  2. (also metaphorically) to melt
  3. to relax by warmth
  4. (more frequently) to warm, cheer
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.102–103:
      οὐδὲ μέτωπον ἐπ' ὀφρύσι κυανέῃσιν / ἰάνθη
      oudè métōpon ep' ophrúsi kuanéēisin / iánthē
      but her forehead above her dark eyebrows did not / cheer up

Usage notes
  • This verb denotes a pleasant kind of heat, prompting its use in metaphors for positive emotions.

Conjugation
   Present: ἰαίνω, ἰαίνομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἰαίνω ἰαίνεις ἰαίνει ἰαίνετον ἰαίνετον ἰαίνομεν ἰαίνετε ἰαίνουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἰαίνω ἰαίνῃς ἰαίνῃ ἰαίνητον ἰαίνητον ἰαίνωμεν ἰαίνητε ἰαίνωσῐ(ν)
optative ἰαίνοιμῐ ἰαίνοις ἰαίνοι ἰαίνοιτον ἰαινοίτην ἰαίνοιμεν ἰαίνοιτε ἰαίνοιεν
imperative   ἴαινε ἰαινέτω ἰαίνετον ἰαινέτων   ἰαίνετε ἰαινόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἰαίνομαι ἰαίνῃ,
ἰαίνει		 ἰαίνεται ἰαίνεσθον ἰαίνεσθον ἰαινόμεθᾰ ἰαίνεσθε ἰαίνονται
subjunctive ἰαίνωμαι ἰαίνῃ ἰαίνηται ἰαίνησθον ἰαίνησθον ἰαινώμεθᾰ ἰαίνησθε ἰαίνωνται
optative ἰαινοίμην ἰαίνοιο ἰαίνοιτο ἰαίνοισθον ἰαινοίσθην ἰαινοίμεθᾰ ἰαίνοισθε ἰαίνοιντο
imperative   ἰαίνου ἰαινέσθω ἰαίνεσθον ἰαινέσθων   ἰαίνεσθε ἰαινέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἰαίνειν ἰαίνεσθαι
participle m ἰαίνων ἰαινόμενος
f ἰαίνουσᾰ ἰαινομένη
n ἰαῖνον ἰαινόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἴαινον, ἰαινόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἴαινον ἴαινες ἴαινε(ν) ἰαίνετον ἰαινέτην ἰαίνομεν ἰαίνετε ἴαινον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἰαινόμην ἰαίνου ἰαίνετο ἰαίνεσθον ἰαινέσθην ἰαινόμεθᾰ ἰαίνεσθε ἰαίνοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἰαίνεσκον, ἰαινεσκόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἰαίνεσκον ἰαίνεσκες ἰαίνεσκε(ν) ἰαινέσκετον ἰαινεσκέτην ἰαινέσκομεν ἰαινέσκετε ἰαίνεσκον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἰαινεσκόμην ἰαινέσκου ἰαινέσκετο ἰαινέσκεσθον ἰαινεσκέσθην ἰαινεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ ἰαινέσκεσθε ἰαινέσκοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἴηνᾰ, ἰηνᾰ́μην, ἰάνθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἴηνᾰ ἴηνᾰς ἴηνε(ν) ἰήνᾰτον ἰηνᾰ́την ἰήνᾰμεν ἰήνᾰτε ἴηνᾰν
subjunctive ἰήνω ἰήνῃς ἰήνῃ ἰήνητον ἰήνητον ἰήνωμεν ἰήνητε ἰήνωσῐ(ν)
optative ἰήναιμῐ ἰήνειᾰς,
ἰήναις		 ἰήνειε(ν),
ἰήναι		 ἰήναιτον ἰηναίτην ἰήναιμεν ἰήναιτε ἰήνειᾰν,
ἰήναιεν
imperative   ἴηνον ἰηνᾰ́τω ἰήνᾰτον ἰηνᾰ́των   ἰήνᾰτε ἰηνᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἰηνᾰ́μην ἰήνω ἰήνᾰτο ἰήνᾰσθον ἰηνᾰ́σθην ἰηνᾰ́μεθᾰ ἰήνᾰσθε ἰήνᾰντο
subjunctive ἰήνωμαι ἰήνῃ ἰήνηται ἰήνησθον ἰήνησθον ἰηνώμεθᾰ ἰήνησθε ἰήνωνται
optative ἰηναίμην ἰήναιο ἰήναιτο ἰήναισθον ἰηναίσθην ἰηναίμεθᾰ ἰήναισθε ἰήναιντο
imperative   ἴηναι ἰηνᾰ́σθω ἰήνᾰσθον ἰηνᾰ́σθων   ἰήνᾰσθε ἰηνᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἰάνθην ἰάνθης ἰάνθη ἰάνθητον ἰανθήτην ἰάνθημεν ἰάνθητε ἰάνθησᾰν
subjunctive ἰανθῶ ἰανθῇς ἰανθῇ ἰανθῆτον ἰανθῆτον ἰανθῶμεν ἰανθῆτε ἰανθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἰανθείην ἰανθείης ἰανθείη ἰανθεῖτον,
ἰανθείητον		 ἰανθείτην,
ἰανθειήτην		 ἰανθεῖμεν,
ἰανθείημεν		 ἰανθεῖτε,
ἰανθείητε		 ἰανθεῖεν,
ἰανθείησᾰν
imperative   ἰάνθητῐ ἰανθήτω ἰάνθητον ἰανθήτων   ἰάνθητε ἰανθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ἰῆναι ἰήνᾰσθαι ἰανθῆναι
participle m ἰήνᾱς ἰηνᾰ́μενος ἰανθείς
f ἰήνᾱσᾰ ἰηνᾰμένη ἰανθεῖσᾰ
n ἰῆνᾰν ἰηνᾰ́μενον ἰανθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading
  • “ἰαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἰαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ἰαίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἰαίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ἰαίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “ἰαίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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