ἐπουράνιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ οὐρᾰ́νῐος (ouránios, “heavenly”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.puː.rá.ni.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.puˈra.ni.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.puˈra.ni.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.puˈra.ni.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.puˈra.ni.os/

Adjective

ἐπουρᾰ́νῐος • (epouránios) m (feminine ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ, neuter ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον); first/second declension

in heaven, heavenly
- 300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 2.429
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.484
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.129
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 132.3
- 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 18:35
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 256D
1. (plural substantive)
  1. (masculine) the gods
    - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 25.5
    - 200 BCE – 100 BCE, Moschus, Collected Works 2.21
    - New Testament, Epistle to the Philippians 2:11
    - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 4.3
  2. (neuter) phenomena of the heavens
    - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 19B
    - 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 15:40

Inflection

First and second declension of ἐπουρᾰ́νῐος; ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ; ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐος epouránios	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epouraníā	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον epouránion	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epouraníō	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epouraníā	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epouraníō	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐοι epouránioi	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐαι epourániai	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐᾰ epouránia
Genitive	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ου epouraníou	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱς epouraníās	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ου epouraníou	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οιν epouraníoin	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́αιν epouraníain	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οιν epouraníoin	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ων epouraníōn	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ων epouraníōn	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ων epouraníōn
Dative	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ῳ epouraníōi	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾳ epouraníāi	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ῳ epouraníōi	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οιν epouraníoin	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́αιν epouraníain	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οιν epouraníoin	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οις epouraníois	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́αις epouraníais	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οις epouraníois
Accusative	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον epouránion	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱν epouraníān	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον epouránion	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epouraníō	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epouraníā	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epouraníō	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ους epouraníous	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱς epouraníās	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐᾰ epouránia
Vocative	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐε epouránie	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epouraníā	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον epouránion	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epouraníō	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epouraníā	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epouraníō	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐοι epouránioi	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐαι epourániai	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐᾰ epouránia
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ως epouraníōs			ἐπουρᾰνῐώτερος epouraniṓteros			ἐπουρᾰνῐώτᾰτος epouraniṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

“ἐπουράνιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἐπουράνιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἐπουράνιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐπουράνιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἐπουράνιος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G2032 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

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