ἄρχων

See also: άρχων and αρχών

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A noun use of the present participle of ἄρχω (árkhō, “to rule”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ár.kʰɔːn/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈar.kʰon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈar.xon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈar.xon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈar.xon/

Noun

ᾰ̓́ρχων • (árkhōn) m (genitive ᾰ̓́ρχοντος); third declension

ruler
archon, a chief magistrate at Athens

Declension

Third declension of ὁ ᾰ̓́ρχων; τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρχοντος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̓́ρχων ho árkhōn	τὼ ᾰ̓́ρχοντε tṑ árkhonte	οἱ ᾰ̓́ρχοντες hoi árkhontes
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρχοντος toû árkhontos	τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν toîn arkhóntoin	τῶν ᾰ̓ρχόντων tôn arkhóntōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ tôi árkhonti	τοῖν ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν toîn arkhóntoin	τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν toîs árkhousi(n)
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ tòn árkhonta	τὼ ᾰ̓́ρχοντε tṑ árkhonte	τοὺς ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰς toùs árkhontas
Vocative	ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon	ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte	ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

ἀρχός (arkhós)

Participle

ᾰ̓́ρχων • (árkhōn) m (feminine ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ, neuter ᾰ̓́ρχον); first/third declension

present active participle of ᾰ̓́ρχω (árkhō)

Inflection

First and third declension of ᾰ̓́ρχων; ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ; ᾰ̓́ρχον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓́ρχων árkhōn	ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ árkhousa	ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon	ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte	ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā	ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte	ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes	ᾰ̓́ρχουσαι árkhousai	ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta
Genitive	ᾰ̓́ρχοντος árkhontos	ᾰ̓ρχούσης arkhoúsēs	ᾰ̓́ρχοντος árkhontos	ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin	ᾰ̓ρχούσαιν arkhoúsain	ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin	ᾰ̓ρχόντων arkhóntōn	ᾰ̓ρχουσῶν arkhousôn	ᾰ̓ρχόντων arkhóntōn
Dative	ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ árkhonti	ᾰ̓ρχούσῃ arkhoúsēi	ᾰ̓́ρχοντῐ árkhonti	ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin	ᾰ̓ρχούσαιν arkhoúsain	ᾰ̓ρχόντοιν arkhóntoin	ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν árkhousi(n)	ᾰ̓ρχούσαις arkhoúsais	ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐ / ᾰ̓́ρχουσῐν árkhousi(n)
Accusative	ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta	ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰν árkhousan	ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon	ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte	ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā	ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte	ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰς árkhontas	ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱς arkhoúsās	ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta
Vocative	ᾰ̓́ρχων árkhōn	ᾰ̓́ρχουσᾰ árkhousa	ᾰ̓́ρχον árkhon	ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte	ᾰ̓ρχούσᾱ arkhoúsā	ᾰ̓́ρχοντε árkhonte	ᾰ̓́ρχοντες árkhontes	ᾰ̓́ρχουσαι árkhousai	ᾰ̓́ρχοντᾰ árkhonta
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

Greek: άρχοντας (árchontas), άρχων (árchon)
→ Arabic: أَرْخُون (ʔarḵūn), أَرْكُون (ʔarkūn)
→ Aramaic:
Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡠𐡴𐡪𐡥𐡮𐡠 (ʾrkwnʾ /⁠ʾarkōnā⁠/)

Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܪܟܘܢܐ (ʾrkwnʾ /⁠ʾarkōnā⁠/)

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ארכונא (ʾrkwnʾ /⁠ʾarkōnā⁠/)

Classical Syriac: ܐܪܟܘܢܐ (ʾrkwnʾ /⁠ʾarkōnā⁠/)
- → Old Armenian: *արքոյն (*arkʻoyn), արքայ (arkʻay)
→ Coptic: ⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ (arkhōn)
→ Latin: archōn (see there for further descendants)
→ English: archon