ἀξιόω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἄξιος (áxios, “worthy”) +‎ -όω (-óō, factitive verb–forming suffix).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ak.si.ó.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ak.siˈo.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ak.siˈo.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ak.siˈo.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ak.siˈo.o/

Verb

ᾰ̓ξῐόω • (axióō) (Attic, Ionic)

to think or deem worthy
1. (transitive) to think one worthy, either in a good or bad sense [+accusative = someone], [+genitive = of something]
  - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 962
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.2.7
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.145
  - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 38A
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.111
  - 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 366
  - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 122.23
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 103E
  1. (transitive) to esteem, honor
    - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1114
    - 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 918
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 903
    - 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 1210
  2. (intransitive) to value at a certain price
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 917D
2. (transitive) to think [+accusative = someone] worthy [+infinitive = to do or be]
  - 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 572
  - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 182
  - 5th century BC, Pherecrates, Good-For-Nothings 7
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 10.73
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 240
  - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 161D
  1. (transitive) to think fit, expect, require, demand that; compare Latin postulō
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.162
    - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Collected Works 118.20
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.89
    - 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 18.36
3. (intransitive) to think one has a right [+infinitive = to do]
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.42
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.15
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 164.32
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.86
  1. (intransitive) to think fit, expect, consent, resolve, deign, dare [+infinitive = to do]
    - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 944
    - 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 335
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1661
    - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Hippias Minor 364D
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 547.9:
      οἶμαι πάντας...φέρειν ἀξιοῦν
      oîmai pántas...phérein axioûn
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.20
    - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 215
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.102
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 21.4
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.66
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 370
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 425
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.199
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.!6
  2. (transitive) to think, deem, hold
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.87
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.54
4. (intransitive, transitive) to make a claim
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.58
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 3.17.6
  - 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, Histories 39.1.7
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.11
  1. to hold an opinion
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 312.6:
      ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὑτωσὶ περὶ τῆς τύχης ἀξιῶ
      egṑ mèn oûn houtōsì perì tês túkhēs axiô
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes 460.28:
      ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἀξιῶ
      egṑ mèn ouk axiô
  2. (philosophy) to lay down, hold, maintain
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 1.17.5
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 1.24.2
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.43

Inflection

Present: ᾰ̓ξῐῶ, ᾰ̓ξῐοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾰ̓ξῐῶ	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖς	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖ	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦτον	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦτον	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦμεν	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦτε	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓ξῐῶ	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖς	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖ	ᾰ̓ξῐῶτον	ᾰ̓ξῐῶτον	ᾰ̓ξῐῶμεν	ᾰ̓ξῐῶτε	ᾰ̓ξῐῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓ξῐοίην, ᾰ̓ξῐοῖμῐ	ᾰ̓ξῐοίης, ᾰ̓ξῐοῖς	ᾰ̓ξῐοίη, ᾰ̓ξῐοῖ	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖτον, ᾰ̓ξῐοίητον	ᾰ̓ξῐοίτην, ᾰ̓ξῐοιήτην	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖμεν, ᾰ̓ξῐοίημεν	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖτε, ᾰ̓ξῐοίητε	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖεν, ᾰ̓ξῐοίησᾰν
	imperative		ᾰ̓ξῐ́ου	ᾰ̓ξῐούτω	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦτον	ᾰ̓ξῐούτων		ᾰ̓ξῐοῦτε	ᾰ̓ξῐούντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦμαι	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖ	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦται	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐούμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦσθε	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦνται
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓ξῐῶμαι	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖ	ᾰ̓ξῐῶται	ᾰ̓ξῐῶσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐῶσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐώμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓ξῐῶσθε	ᾰ̓ξῐῶνται
	optative	ᾰ̓ξῐοίμην	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖο	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖτο	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐοίσθην	ᾰ̓ξῐοίμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖσθε	ᾰ̓ξῐοῖντο
	imperative		ᾰ̓ξῐοῦ	ᾰ̓ξῐούσθω	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐούσθων		ᾰ̓ξῐοῦσθε	ᾰ̓ξῐούσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ᾰ̓ξῐοῦν				ᾰ̓ξῐοῦσθαι
participle	m	ᾰ̓ξῐῶν				ᾰ̓ξῐούμενος
	f	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦσᾰ				ᾰ̓ξῐουμένη
	n	ᾰ̓ξῐοῦν				ᾰ̓ξῐούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἠξῐ́ουν, ἠξῐούμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἠξῐ́ουν	ἠξῐ́ους	ἠξῐ́ου	ἠξῐοῦτον	ἠξῐούτην	ἠξῐοῦμεν	ἠξῐοῦτε	ἠξῐ́ουν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠξῐούμην	ἠξῐοῦ	ἠξῐοῦτο	ἠξῐοῦσθον	ἠξῐούσθην	ἠξῐούμεθᾰ	ἠξῐοῦσθε	ἠξῐοῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ᾰ̓ξῐώσω, ᾰ̓ξῐώσομαι, ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾰ̓ξῐώσω	ᾰ̓ξῐώσεις	ᾰ̓ξῐώσει	ᾰ̓ξῐώσετον	ᾰ̓ξῐώσετον	ᾰ̓ξῐώσομεν	ᾰ̓ξῐώσετε	ᾰ̓ξῐώσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοιμῐ	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοις	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοι	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοιτον	ᾰ̓ξῐωσοίτην	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοιμεν	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοιτε	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοιεν
middle	indicative	ᾰ̓ξῐώσομαι	ᾰ̓ξῐώσῃ, ᾰ̓ξῐώσει	ᾰ̓ξῐώσεται	ᾰ̓ξῐώσεσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐώσεσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐωσόμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓ξῐώσεσθε	ᾰ̓ξῐώσονται
middle	optative	ᾰ̓ξῐωσοίμην	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοιο	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοιτο	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοισθον	ᾰ̓ξῐωσοίσθην	ᾰ̓ξῐωσοίμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοισθε	ᾰ̓ξῐώσοιντο
passive	indicative	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσομαι	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσῃ	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσεται	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσεσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσεσθον	ᾰ̓ξῐωθησόμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσεσθε	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσονται
passive	optative	ᾰ̓ξῐωθησοίμην	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσοιο	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσοιτο	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσοισθον	ᾰ̓ξῐωθησοίσθην	ᾰ̓ξῐωθησοίμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσοισθε	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ᾰ̓ξῐώσειν			ᾰ̓ξῐώσεσθαι		ᾰ̓ξῐωθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ᾰ̓ξῐώσων			ᾰ̓ξῐωσόμενος		ᾰ̓ξῐωθησόμενος
	f	ᾰ̓ξῐώσουσᾰ			ᾰ̓ξῐωσομένη		ᾰ̓ξῐωθησομένη
	n	ᾰ̓ξῐῶσον			ᾰ̓ξῐωσόμενον		ᾰ̓ξῐωθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἠξῐ́ωσᾰ, ἠξῐώθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἠξῐ́ωσᾰ	ἠξῐ́ωσᾰς	ἠξῐ́ωσε(ν)	ἠξῐώσᾰτον	ἠξῐωσᾰ́την	ἠξῐώσᾰμεν	ἠξῐώσᾰτε	ἠξῐ́ωσᾰν
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓ξῐώσω	ᾰ̓ξῐώσῃς	ᾰ̓ξῐώσῃ	ᾰ̓ξῐώσητον	ᾰ̓ξῐώσητον	ᾰ̓ξῐώσωμεν	ᾰ̓ξῐώσητε	ᾰ̓ξῐώσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓ξῐώσαιμῐ	ᾰ̓ξῐώσειᾰς, ᾰ̓ξῐώσαις	ᾰ̓ξῐώσειε(ν), ᾰ̓ξῐώσαι	ᾰ̓ξῐώσαιτον	ᾰ̓ξῐωσαίτην	ᾰ̓ξῐώσαιμεν	ᾰ̓ξῐώσαιτε	ᾰ̓ξῐώσειᾰν, ᾰ̓ξῐώσαιεν
	imperative		ᾰ̓ξῐ́ωσον	ᾰ̓ξῐωσᾰ́τω	ᾰ̓ξῐώσᾰτον	ᾰ̓ξῐωσᾰ́των		ᾰ̓ξῐώσᾰτε	ᾰ̓ξῐωσᾰ́ντων
passive	indicative	ἠξῐώθην	ἠξῐώθης	ἠξῐώθη	ἠξῐώθητον	ἠξῐωθήτην	ἠξῐώθημεν	ἠξῐώθητε	ἠξῐώθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓ξῐωθῶ	ᾰ̓ξῐωθῇς	ᾰ̓ξῐωθῇ	ᾰ̓ξῐωθῆτον	ᾰ̓ξῐωθῆτον	ᾰ̓ξῐωθῶμεν	ᾰ̓ξῐωθῆτε	ᾰ̓ξῐωθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓ξῐωθείην	ᾰ̓ξῐωθείης	ᾰ̓ξῐωθείη	ᾰ̓ξῐωθεῖτον, ᾰ̓ξῐωθείητον	ᾰ̓ξῐωθείτην, ᾰ̓ξῐωθειήτην	ᾰ̓ξῐωθεῖμεν, ᾰ̓ξῐωθείημεν	ᾰ̓ξῐωθεῖτε, ᾰ̓ξῐωθείητε	ᾰ̓ξῐωθεῖεν, ᾰ̓ξῐωθείησᾰν
	imperative		ᾰ̓ξῐώθητῐ	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήτω	ᾰ̓ξῐώθητον	ᾰ̓ξῐωθήτων		ᾰ̓ξῐώθητε	ᾰ̓ξῐωθέντων
		active					passive
infinitive		ᾰ̓ξῐῶσαι					ᾰ̓ξῐωθῆναι
participle	m	ᾰ̓ξῐώσᾱς					ᾰ̓ξῐωθείς
	f	ᾰ̓ξῐώσᾱσᾰ					ᾰ̓ξῐωθεῖσᾰ
	n	ᾰ̓ξῐῶσᾰν					ᾰ̓ξῐωθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ἠξῐ́ωκᾰ, ἠξῐ́ωμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἠξῐ́ωκᾰ	ἠξῐ́ωκᾰς	ἠξῐ́ωκε(ν)	ἠξῐώκᾰτον	ἠξῐώκᾰτον	ἠξῐώκᾰμεν	ἠξῐώκᾰτε	ἠξῐώκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἠξῐώκω	ἠξῐώκῃς	ἠξῐώκῃ	ἠξῐώκητον	ἠξῐώκητον	ἠξῐώκωμεν	ἠξῐώκητε	ἠξῐώκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠξῐώκοιμῐ, ἠξῐωκοίην	ἠξῐώκοις, ἠξῐωκοίης	ἠξῐώκοι, ἠξῐωκοίη	ἠξῐώκοιτον	ἠξῐωκοίτην	ἠξῐώκοιμεν	ἠξῐώκοιτε	ἠξῐώκοιεν
	imperative		ἠξῐ́ωκε	ἠξῐωκέτω	ἠξῐώκετον	ἠξῐωκέτων		ἠξῐώκετε	ἠξῐωκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠξῐ́ωμαι	ἠξῐ́ωσαι	ἠξῐ́ωται	ἠξῐ́ωσθον	ἠξῐ́ωσθον	ἠξῐώμεθᾰ	ἠξῐ́ωσθε	ἠξῐ́ωνται
	subjunctive	ἠξῐωμένος ὦ	ἠξῐωμένος ᾖς	ἠξῐωμένος ᾖ	ἠξῐωμένω ἦτον	ἠξῐωμένω ἦτον	ἠξῐωμένοι ὦμεν	ἠξῐωμένοι ἦτε	ἠξῐωμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠξῐωμένος εἴην	ἠξῐωμένος εἴης	ἠξῐωμένος εἴη	ἠξῐωμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἠξῐωμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἠξῐωμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἠξῐωμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἠξῐωμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἠξῐ́ωσο	ἠξῐώσθω	ἠξῐ́ωσθον	ἠξῐώσθων		ἠξῐ́ωσθε	ἠξῐώσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἠξῐωκέναι				ἠξῐῶσθαι
participle	m	ἠξῐωκώς				ἠξῐωμένος
	f	ἠξῐωκυῖᾰ				ἠξῐωμένη
	n	ἠξῐωκός				ἠξῐωμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀξίωμα (axíōma)
ἀξίωσις (axíōsis)
ἀξιωτέον (axiōtéon)
ἀπαξιόω (apaxióō)

References

“ἀξιόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἀξιόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἀξιόω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G515 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

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