ẖdb

See also: HDB and ḥdb

Egyptian

3-lit.

(transitive) to kill (a person or animal) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
(intransitive) to kill generally in battle (+ m: among (enemies)) [since Middle Kingdom literature]

Conjugation of ẖdb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ẖdb, geminated stem: ẖdbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ẖdb	ẖdbw, ẖdb	ẖdbt	ẖdb	ẖdb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ẖdb	ḥr ẖdb	m ẖdb	r ẖdb

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ẖdb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ẖdb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ẖdb	ẖdb, ẖdbw⁵, ẖdby⁵
imperfective	ẖdb, ẖdby, ẖdbw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ẖdb, ẖdbj⁶, ẖdby⁶	ẖdb, ẖdbw⁵
prospective	ẖdb, ẖdbtj⁷	—	ẖdbtj⁴, ẖdbt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ẖdb

ẖdb

Demotic: ẖtb
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ (xōtbe)
- Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ (xōteb)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲃ (hōtb)

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 403.3–403.13
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 205

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