ṣābum

Akkadian

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ṣābaʾ-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew צָבָא (ṣɔḇɔ́ʔ, “an army, a multitude of people”) and Ugaritic 𐎕𐎁𐎜 (ṣbủ).

Pronunciation

Noun

ṣābum m (construct state ṣāb or ṣābi, plural ṣābū) (from Old Akkadian on)

  1. worker, soldier
  2. (collective) gang, army, troop, people, population
    𒉺𒉌 𒍝𒁉𒅎 𒍢𒄴𒊑𒅎 𒊍𒁁
    [pānī ṣābim ṣeḫrim aṣbat]
    pa-ni ṣa-bi-im ṣe-eḫ-ri-im aṣ-bat
    I led a small gang.

Alternative forms
Cuneiform spellings
Logograms Phonetic
  • 𒂟 (ERIM/ERIN₂)
  • 𒇽𒂟 (LU₂.ERIM/ERIN₂)
  • 𒂟𒎌 (ERIM/ERIN₂.MEŠ) (plural)
  • 𒂟𒄭𒀀 (ERIM/ERIN₂.ḪI.A) (plural)
  • 𒍝𒁍𒌝 (ṣa-bu-um)
  • 𒍝𒁍 (ṣa-bu)

References
  • “ṣābu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
  • Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “ṣābu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
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