ḫtj

See also: ḥtj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
xt
x		 t
D55

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to retreat

Inflection
Conjugation of ḫtj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫt
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḫtt, ḫtj
 ḫtw, ḫt
 ḫtt, ḫtwt, ḫtyt
 ḫt
 ḫt, ḫty
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḫt8
 ḥr ḫtt, ḥr ḫtj
 m ḫtt, m ḫtj
 r ḫtt, r ḫtj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ḫt.n
 consecutive ḫt.jn
terminative ḫtt, ḫtyt
perfective3 ḫt
 obligative1 ḫt.ḫr
imperfective ḫt, ḫty
prospective3 ḫtw, ḫt, ḫty
 potentialis1 ḫt.kꜣ
subjunctive ḫt, ḫty
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ḫt.n
 — —
perfective ḫtw1, ḫty, ḫt
 ḫt
 ḫty, ḫt
imperfective ḫt, ḫty, ḫtw5
 ḫt, ḫtj6, ḫty6
 ḫt, ḫtw5
prospective ḫtw1, ḫty, ḫt, ḫttj7
 ḫtwtj1 4, ḫttj4, ḫtt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Descendants
  • Old Coptic: ⳋⲧⲉⲓ (çtei)

Verb
Aa1
X1		 D51
D40

 3ae inf.

  1. to carve, to engrave

Inflection
Conjugation of ḫtj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫt
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḫtt, ḫtj
 ḫtw, ḫt
 ḫtt, ḫtwt, ḫtyt
 ḫt
 ḫt, ḫty
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḫt8
 ḥr ḫtt, ḥr ḫtj
 m ḫtt, m ḫtj
 r ḫtt, r ḫtj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ḫt.n
 consecutive ḫt.jn
terminative ḫtt, ḫtyt
perfective3 ḫt
 obligative1 ḫt.ḫr
imperfective ḫt, ḫty
prospective3 ḫtw, ḫt, ḫty
 potentialis1 ḫt.kꜣ
subjunctive ḫt, ḫty
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ḫt.n
 — —
perfective ḫtw1, ḫty, ḫt
 ḫt
 ḫty, ḫt
imperfective ḫt, ḫty, ḫtw5
 ḫt, ḫtj6, ḫty6
 ḫt, ḫtw5
prospective ḫtw1, ḫty, ḫt, ḫttj7
 ḫtwtj1 4, ḫttj4, ḫtt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Descendants
  • ⇒ Demotic: štšt
    • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲟⲧϣⲉⲧ (šotšet)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟⲧϣⲧ (šotšt), ϣⲟϫⲧ (šočt)

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 234.
  • Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 599
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