ḫftj

Egyptian

Etymology

From ḫft (“facing, opposite”) +‎ -j (“nisba ending”); the noun is simply a nominalized use of the nisba adjective.

Pronunciation

Adjective
x
f
t y
  1. opposing

Inflection
Declension of ḫftj (nisba adjective)
masculine feminine
singular ḫftj
 ḫftt
dual ḫftjwj, ḫftwj
 ḫfttj
plural ḫftjw, ḫftw
 ḫftwt1, ḫftt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫftj  
x t
f
ḫft

Noun
x
f
t y		 A13

 m

  1. enemy, adversary
    • 18th Dynasty, Great Hymn to Osiris, Stela of Amenmose (Louvre C 286), lines 21–22:
      U5
      a      		 Nsn
      Z2
      n      		 zAZ1
      H_SPACE      		 stt
      H8      		 x t
      f      		 A13
      f      		 xr
      n      		 q
      n
      nDs      		 f
      mꜣꜥ.n.sn n zꜣ ꜣst ḫft(j).f ḫr n qn.f
      To the son of Isis they have delivered his adversary, fallen through his (own) violence.

Inflection
Declension of ḫftj (masculine)
singular ḫftj
dual ḫftjwj
plural ḫftjw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫftj  
x&f&t yA14
x t
f		 A13
ḫftj ḫft

Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉϥⲧ (xeft)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁϥϯ (šafti)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉϥϯ (šefti)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁϥⲧⲉ (šafte)

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 40, 88, 91, 339.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 71
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