ᠪᡝ

Manchu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tungusic *buu, compare Evenki бу (bu), Nanai буэ (bue).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə/

Pronoun

ᠪᡝ • (be) (first-person plural exclusive nominative)

  1. we

See also
Manchu personal pronouns
Number Person Clusivity Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative
SingularFirst— ᠪᡳ (bi) ᠮᡳᠨᡳ (mini) ᠮᡳᠨᡩᡝ (minde) ᠮᡳᠮᠪᡝ (mimbe) ᠮᡳᠨᠴᡳ (minci)
Second— ᠰᡳ (si) ᠰᡳᠨᡳ (sini) ᠰᡳᠨᡩᡝ (sinde) ᠰᡳᠮᠪᡝ (simbe) ᠰᡳᠨᠴᡳ (sinci)
Third— ᡳ (i) ᡳᠨᡳ (ini) ᡳᠨᡩᡝ (inde) ᡳᠮᠪᡝ (imbe) ᡳᠨᠴᡳ (inci)
PluralFirstExclusive ᠪᡝ (be) ᠮᡝᠨᡳ (meni) ᠮᡝᠨᡩᡝ (mende) ᠮᡝᠮᠪᡝ (membe) ᠮᡝᠨᠴᡳ (menci)
Inclusive ᠮᡠᠰᡝ (muse) ᠮᡠᠰᡝᡳ (musei) ᠮᡠᠰᡝᡩᡝ (musede) ᠮᡠᠰᡝᠪᡝ (musebe) ᠮᡠᠰᡝᠴᡳ (museci)
Second— ᠰᡠᠸᡝ (suwe) ᠰᡠᠸᡝᠨᡳ (suweni) ᠰᡠᠸᡝᠨᡩᡝ (suwende) ᠰᡠᠸᡝᠮᠪᡝ (suwembe) ᠰᡠᠸᡝᠨᠴᡳ (suwenci)
Third— ᠴᡝ (ce) ᠴᡝᠨᡳ (ceni) ᠴᡝᠨᡩᡝ (cende) ᠴᡝᠮᠪᡝ (cembe) ᠴᡝᠨᠴᡳ (cenci)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Tungusic *-ba.[1] Compare with Jurchen harmonic variations of [script needed] (*bə), [script needed] (*bɑ), and [script needed] (*bo). Cognate with Udihe [script needed] (-wə), Oroch [script needed] (-wa); Nanai [script needed] (-wa), Ulch [script needed] (-wa), Orok [script needed] (-wa); Solon [script needed] (-wə), Evenki -вэ (-wə) / -ва (-wa) / -во (-wo), Negidal [script needed] (-wa), Even [script needed] (-w); etc.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə/

Particle

 ᠪᡝ • (-be)

  1. Forming the accusative case of the definite state, as the object in phrase ‘drinking the water’ (rather than ‘drinking water’)
  2. Forming the prolative case

See also

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə/

Particle

ᠪᡝ • (be)

  1. (literary) Used at the end of a sentence indicating affirmation, equivalent of Chinese 也 (yě).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə/

Noun

ᠪᡝ • (be)

  1. birdseed
  2. bait

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə/

Noun

ᠪᡝ • (be)

  1. crossbar yoking shafts of a carriage (equivalent of Chinese 輗／𫐐 (ní))

Etymology 6

Borrowed from Chinese 伯 (bó).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pə/

Noun

ᠪᡝ • (be)

  1. Count (noble rank)

See also
  • ᡤᡠᠩ (gung, “Duke”), ᡥᠣ (ho, “Marquis”), ᠵᡳᠩᡴᡳᠨᡳ
    ᡥᠠᡶᠠᠨ     (jingkini hafan, “Viscount”), ᠠᠰᡥᠠᠨ ᡳ
    ᡥᠠᡶᠠᠨ     (ashan-i hafan, “Baron”)

Etymology 7

Borrowed from Chinese 白 (Bó).

Noun

ᠪᡝ • (be)

  1. (collective) Bai (people)
    ᠪᡝ ᡳ
    ᠨᡳᠶ᠋ᠠᠯᠮᠠ     ― be-i niyalma ― a Bai person (literally, “a person of the Bai”)
    ᠪᡝ ᡳ
    ᡥᡝᡥᡝ     ― be-i hehe ― a Bai woman (literally, “a woman of the Bai”)

References
  1. 『言語学大辞典』(1989)　第2巻【世界言語編】中さーに　三省堂
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