ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖ

Proto-Norse

Alternative forms

  • ᛟᚱᛏᛖ (ortē, younger form)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wurhtē, the third-person singular indicative past of *wurkijaną. Cognate with Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌰 (waurhta) (1st/3rd sg. ind. past of 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (waurkjan)).

Verb

ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖ (wurte /wurtē/) (third-person singular past active indicative)

  1. [he/she/it] wrought, made
    • 5th-6th century, Tjurkö 1 bracteate
      ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖᚱᚢᚾᛟᛉᚨᚾᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨᚲᚢᚱᚾᛖ··ᚺᛖᛚᛞᚨᛉᚲᚢᚾᛁᛗᚢᛞᛁᚢ···
      wurterunozanwalhakurne··heldazkunimudiu···
      wurtē runōz an walhakurnē, Heldaz Kunimundiu
      Heldaz wrought the runes on the foreign/Roman grain [the gold] for Kunimunduz.

Attested forms

  • (first-person singular past active indicative)ᚹᛟᚱᚨᚺᛏᛟ (worahto /⁠worᵃhtō⁠/)
  • (third-person singular past active indicative)ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖ (wurte /⁠wurtē⁠/), ᛟᚱᛏᛖ (orte /⁠ortē⁠/)

Descendants

  • Old Norse: yrkja (3rd singular indicative past orti)
    • Icelandic: yrkja, orka
    • Faroese: yrkja, orka
    • Norwegian:
    • Elfdalian: yrtja, uorka
    • Old Swedish: yrkia, orka
    • Old Danish: yrkæ, orkæ
    • Old Gutnish: yrkia, orka
    • Middle English: irken
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