ဒး

Mon

Etymology

From Middle Mon daḥ “to touch, to be or come into contact with, to be exposed to, to be fitting, right, to befall, etc.” from Old Mon [script needed] (daḥ, “to touch, to be contiguous with”).[1] Cognate to Nyah Kur [script needed] (tàh) and [script needed] (thàh, “to hit, to touch (both transitive and intransitive), to undergo (an undesirable action), to reach (as postverb), correctly”), Khmer ទះ (tĕəh, “to slap”), Stieng dăh “to hit”.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Myanmar) IPA(key): /tɛ̤h/[2][1][3]
    • (Pak Kret District) IPA(key): /tɛ̤əh/[4]
  • (file)

Noun

ဒး (daḥ)

  1. correct.

Verb

ဒး (daḥ)

  1. to hit[5][3]
    Synonym: တက် (tak)
  2. to come in contact with[5]
  3. to touch[6][4][1][7]
    Synonyms: ([1]) ရပ် (rap), ([1]) တက် (tak)
  4. to meet, to encounter[2][4]
  5. (to be) correct, (to be) apposite, (to be) right[2][6][4][1]
    Synonym: ဒးရး (daḥ raḥ)
  6. to coincide with law(s)[4]
  7. to reach (goal)[2][1]
    Synonym: (Pak Kret District) ကၠိုဟ် (kləh)
  8. to fit,[2] to be fitting
  9. to fall in (with one another)[4]
  10. (intransitive) to bump[4][7]
  11. to be exposed to (wind, rain, high temperature, etc.)[6][4][7]
  12. to undergo (unpleasant experience such as illness),[4] to suffer
    ဒးချာံ ― daḥ khyāṁ ― to catch cold
  13. (auxiliary verb, adversative) to get[6][4][1][7]
  14. to hurt oneself unintentionally[4]
  15. to get into (trap)[4]
  16. to violate, to break (an oath)[4]
  17. (to be) cheap[4][1]
  18. to hurt mentally[4]
  19. (auxiliary verb) placed before full verb for implying necessity;[5] must, should
    ဒးအာရောၚ် ― daḥ ʼā roṅ ― must go[5]
  20. (auxiliary verb, passive voice) to be[4][1][7]
    ဒးဂစိုတ် ― daḥ gacət ― to be killed
  21. (auxiliary verb) used for denoting certainty; must[4]

Usage notes
  • (to touch): This verb cannot be used freely as a full verb in imperative and prohibitive constructions.[1]
    လ္ပကဵုဒး ― lpa kəw daḥ /paʔ kɒ tɛ̤h/ ― do not touch it (literally, “do not let [it] touch[1]”)

Derived terms
  • ဒးစိုတ် (daḥ cət)
  • ဒးဒုဟ် (daḥ duh)
  • ဒးပၟိက် (daḥ pmik, “to require”),[7] ဒးကၟိက် (daḥ kmik, “to want”)[4]
  • ဒးဖစပ် (daḥ phacap, “to be at good timing”),[6] ဒးဗစပ် (daḥ bacap, “to be fitting”)[4]
  • ဗ္ဒး (bdaḥ)

References
  1. Jenny, Mathias (2005) The verb system of Mon, University of Zurich, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 231–2
  2. Shorto, H.L. (1962) A Dictionary of Modern Spoken Mon‎, London: Oxford University Press. Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
  3. Jenny, Mathias (2015) “Modern Mon”, in Mathias Jenny and Paul Sidwell, editors, The Handbook of Austroasian Languages‎, volume 1, Leiden and Boston: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 569 of 553–600
  4. Sakamoto, Yasuyuki (1994) “ဒး; ဒးဗစပ်; ဒးကၟိက်”, in Mon - Japanese Dictionary‎ (in Japanese), Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, pages 454, 458, 459
  5. Haswell, J. M. (1874) Grammatical Notes and Vocabulary of the Peguan Language‎, Rangoon: American Mission Press, page 79
  6. อนุสรณ์ สถานนท์, ร้อยตรี [Anusorn Sathanon, Sub-Lt.] (1984) “ဒး; ဒးဖစပ်”, in พจนานุกรม มอญ-ไทย [Mon-Thai Dictionary], page 92; Thai translation of Halliday, R. (1922) A Mon-English Dictionary, Bangkok: Siam Society (2nd ed.: Rangoon: Mon Cultural Section, Ministry of Union Culture, Govt. of the Union of Burma, 1955).
  7. จำปี ซื่อสัตย์ [Champi Suesat] (2007[2008]) “โดน; ต้อง; ต้องการ; ถูก”, in พจนานุกรมไทย-มอญ สำเนียงมอญลพบุรี [Thai-Mon (Lopburi Dialect) Dictionary] (in Thai), ปทุมธานี [Pathum Thani]: วัดจันทน์กะพ้อ [Chan Kapho Temple], pages 72, 78, 94
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