ਗੁਰੂ

• ਗੁਰ (gur)

Inherited from Sanskrit गुरु (guru), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”).

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• IPA^(key): /ˈɡʊɾuː/

ਗੁਰੂ • (gurū) m (Shahmukhi spelling گُرو)

1. enlightener
   • Guru Granth Sahib, Bhatt Nalh, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, 1399:

     ਗੁਰ ਬਿਨੁ ਘੋਰੁ ਅੰਧਾਰੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਬਿਨੁ ਸਮਝ ਨ ਆਵੈ

     gur bin ghor andhār gurū bin samajh na āvae

     Without the Guru, there is utter darkness; without the Guru, understanding does not come.

   • 100 BCE to 300 CE (probably), Advayataraka Upanishad, The Yoga Upanishads (translation), p.8:

     गुशब्दस्त्वन्धकारः स्यात् रुशब्दस्तन्निरोधकः । अन्धकारनिरोधित्वात् गुरुरित्यभिधीयते ॥ १६॥

     The syllable Gu indicates darkness, the syllable Ru means its dispeller, because of the quality of dispelling darkness, the Guru is thus termed.

2. guru, sage, teacher
   • Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Ramdas, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 314:

     ਉਪਦੇਸ ਜਿ ਦਿਤਾ ਸਤਿਗੁਰੂ ਸੋ ਸੁਣਿਆ ਸਿਖੀ ਕੰਨੇ

     updes je ditā satgurū so suṇiā sikhī kanne

     The Sikhs listen to the Teachings imparted by the True Guru

• (Sikhism) There are a total of eleven Gurus: Ten human-form gurus and the eleventh, or current and everlasting Sikh Guru, is the integrated Sikh scripture known as the Guru Granth Sahib. See Sikh gurus on Wikipedia for more.

• ਗੁਰਪੁਰਬ (gurpurab)
• ਸਤਿਗੁਰੂ (satigurū)
• ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ (vāhigurū)

• “ਗੁਰੂ”, in Punjabipedia [ਪੰਜਾਬੀਪੀਡੀਆ] (in Punjabi), Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
• Singh, Bhai Maya (1895) “ਗੁਰੂ”, in The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons.