सेना

See also: सन, सुन, सानो, सीना, सूनु, सोना, and सोने

Hindi

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /seː.nɑː/, [seː.näː]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).

Noun

सेना • (senā) f (Urdu spelling سینا)

army, military, body of troops
Synonym: फ़ौज (fauj)

शत्रु ने दोनों सेनाओं को हरा दिया।
śatru ne donõ senāõ ko harā diyā.
The enemy defeated both the armies.

Declension

Declension of सेना (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सेना senā	सेनाएँ senāẽ
oblique	सेना senā	सेनाओं senāõ
vocative	सेना senā	सेनाओ senāo

Synonyms

फ़ौज (fauj)

Derived terms

प्रधान सेनापति (pradhān senāpati)
सेनाग्र (senāgra)
सेनादार (senādār)
सेनाधिपति (senādhipati)
सेनापति (senāpati)
सैनिक (sainik)
सैन्य (sainya)
सैन्य-दल (sainya-dal)
सैन्यवाद (sainyavād)
सैन्यीकरण (sainyīkaraṇ)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀡 (seṇṇa, “soldier, army”), from Sanskrit सैन्य (sainya, “soldier”), a vṛddhi derivative of सेना (senā, “army”), for which see the above entry.

Noun

सेना • (senā) m

commander of a body of troops
(historical) a village revenue-collector

Declension

Declension of सेना (masc ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सेना senā	सेने sene
oblique	सेने sene	सेनों senõ
vocative	सेने sene	सेनो seno

Related terms

सेनानी (senānī, “commander”)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “सेना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सेना (sénā).

Noun

सेना • (senā) f

army

Pali

Alternative forms

senā (Latin script)
𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
সেনা (Bengali script)
සෙනා (Sinhalese script)
သေနာ or သေၼႃ (Burmese script)
เสนา (Thai script)
ᩈᩮᨶᩣ (Tai Tham script)
ເສນາ (Lao script)
សេនា (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄬𑄚𑄂 (Chakma script)

Noun

सेना f

Devanagari script form of senā (“army”)

Declension

Declension table of "सेना" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सेना (senā)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)
Accusative (second)	सेनं (senaṃ)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)
Instrumental (third)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनाहि (senāhi) or सेनाभि (senābhi)
Dative (fourth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनानं (senānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनाहि (senāhi) or सेनाभि (senābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सेनाय (senāya)	सेनानं (senānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सेनाय (senāya) or सेनायं (senāyaṃ)	सेनासु (senāsu)
Vocative (calling)	सेने (sene)	सेनायो (senāyo) or सेना (senā)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

सेन (sena) — at the end of a compound

Alternative scripts

সেনা (Assamese script)
ᬲᬾᬦᬵ (Balinese script)
সেনা (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰸𑰡𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑁂𑀦𑀸 (Brahmi script)
သေနာ (Burmese script)
સેના (Gujarati script)
ਸੇਨਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑍇𑌨𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦺꦤꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂵𑂢𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಸೇನಾ (Kannada script)
សេនា (Khmer script)
ເສນາ (Lao script)
സേനാ (Malayalam script)
ᠰᡝᠨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘹𑘡𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠰᠧᠨᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧚𑧁𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐾𑐣𑐵 (Newa script)
ସେନା (Odia script)
ꢱꢾꢥꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆼𑆤𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖸𑖡𑖯 (Siddham script)
සෙනා (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩔𑩯𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚲𑚝𑚭 (Takri script)
ஸேநா (Tamil script)
సేనా (Telugu script)
เสนา (Thai script)
སེ་ནཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒹𑒢𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨄𑨝𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáynaH (“army”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (haēnā, “hostile army”), Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎴𐎠 (h-i-n-a /⁠hainā⁠/, “hostile army”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ́j.nɑː/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪eː.n̪ɑː/

Noun

सेना • (sénā) stem, f

an army, armament, battle-array, armed force
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.11:
  मृळा जरित्रे रुद्र स्तवानोऽन्यं ते अस्मन्नि वपन्तु सेनाः ॥
  mṛḷā jaritre rudra stavānoʼnyaṃ te asmanni vapantu senāḥ.
  O exalted Rudra, be gracious to the singer of thy hymns; let thy armies spare us and smite down someone else.
missile, dart, spear
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
name of Indra's wife (or his thunderbolt so personified)
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)
- c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
any drilled troop or band or body of men (Bālar.)
a kind of title or addition to the names of persons (also names of courtezans) (Sāh.; compare Pāṇ. 4-1, 152 etc.)
name of a courtesan (abridged from कुबेरसेना (kubera-senā)) (HPariś.)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of सेना (sénā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सेना sénā	सेने séne	सेनाः sénāḥ
Vocative	सेने séne	सेने séne	सेनाः sénāḥ
Accusative	सेनाम् sénām	सेने séne	सेनाः sénāḥ
Instrumental	सेनया / सेना¹ sénayā / sénā¹	सेनाभ्याम् sénābhyām	सेनाभिः sénābhiḥ
Dative	सेनायै sénāyai	सेनाभ्याम् sénābhyām	सेनाभ्यः sénābhyaḥ
Ablative	सेनायाः / सेनायै² sénāyāḥ / sénāyai²	सेनाभ्याम् sénābhyām	सेनाभ्यः sénābhyaḥ
Genitive	सेनायाः / सेनायै² sénāyāḥ / sénāyai²	सेनयोः sénayoḥ	सेनानाम् sénānām
Locative	सेनायाम् sénāyām	सेनयोः sénayoḥ	सेनासु sénāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀸 (seṇā)
Pali: senā
→ Hindi: सेना (senā)
→ Bengali: সেনা (śena)
→ Marathi: सेना (senā)
→ Kannada: ಸೇನೆ (sēne)
→ Malayalam: സേന (sēna)
→ Indonesian: sena
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸੈਨਾ (sainā)

Shahmukhi script: سينا (sainā)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “सेना”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1246.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “sénā- sebhu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 746

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