व्याघ्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • ৱ্যাঘ্ৰ (Assamese script)
  • ᬯ᭄ᬬᬵᬖ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
  • ব্যাঘ্র (Bengali script)
  • 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰑𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀖𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
  • ဝျာဃြ (Burmese script)
  • વ્યાઘ્ર (Gujarati script)
  • ਵ੍ਯਾਘ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌘𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
  • ꦮꦾꦴꦓꦿ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂐𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
  • ವ್ಯಾಘ್ರ (Kannada script)
  • វ្យាឃ្រ (Khmer script)
  • ວ຺ຍາຆ຺ຣ (Lao script)
  • വ്യാഘ്ര (Malayalam script)
  • ᠸᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢚᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘑𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
  • ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠺᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑧑𑦱𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐑𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
  • ଵ୍ଯାଘ୍ର (Odia script)
  • ꢮ꣄ꢫꢵꢕ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆔𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖑𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
  • ව්‍යාඝ්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩟 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚍𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
  • வ்யாக்⁴ர (Tamil script)
  • వ్యాఘ్ర (Telugu script)
  • วฺยาฆฺร (Thai script)
  • ཝྱཱ་གྷྲ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒒𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨎𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-h₂oh₂ogʰró-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”) + *h₂o-h₂o-gʰr-ó-s, from *gʰer- (“yellow, orange”). Possible cognate with Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “ochre, pale”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

व्याघ्र • (vyāghrá) stem, m [3][4][5]

  1. a tiger (not in RV., but in AV., often mentioned with the lion; according to R. III, 30, 26, शार्दूली (śārdūlī) is the mythical mother of tigers; but in वह्निपुराण (vahni-purāṇa) they are said to be the offspring of कश्यप (kaśyapa)'s wife दंष्ट्रा (daṃṣṭrā); compare चित्रव्याघ्र (citra-vyāghra)) (AV. etc.)
  2. any pre-eminently strong or noble person, "a tiger among men" (compare ऋषभ (ṛṣabha), सिंह (siṃha))
  3. Millettia pinnata (L.)
  4. a red variety of the castor-oil plant (L.)
  5. name of a rākṣasa (VP.)
  6. name of a king (Rājat.)
  7. name of various authors (also abridged from व्याघ्रपद् (vyāghra-pad)) (Cat.)

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of व्याघ्र (vyāghrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative व्याघ्रः
vyāghráḥ		 व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹
vyāghraú / vyāghrā́¹		 व्याघ्राः / व्याघ्रासः¹
vyāghrā́ḥ / vyāghrā́saḥ¹
Vocative व्याघ्र
vyā́ghra		 व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹
vyā́ghrau / vyā́ghrā¹		 व्याघ्राः / व्याघ्रासः¹
vyā́ghrāḥ / vyā́ghrāsaḥ¹
Accusative व्याघ्रम्
vyāghrám		 व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹
vyāghraú / vyāghrā́¹		 व्याघ्रान्
vyāghrā́n
Instrumental व्याघ्रेण
vyāghréṇa		 व्याघ्राभ्याम्
vyāghrā́bhyām		 व्याघ्रैः / व्याघ्रेभिः¹
vyāghraíḥ / vyāghrébhiḥ¹
Dative व्याघ्राय
vyāghrā́ya		 व्याघ्राभ्याम्
vyāghrā́bhyām		 व्याघ्रेभ्यः
vyāghrébhyaḥ
Ablative व्याघ्रात्
vyāghrā́t		 व्याघ्राभ्याम्
vyāghrā́bhyām		 व्याघ्रेभ्यः
vyāghrébhyaḥ
Genitive व्याघ्रस्य
vyāghrásya		 व्याघ्रयोः
vyāghráyoḥ		 व्याघ्राणाम्
vyāghrā́ṇām
Locative व्याघ्रे
vyāghré		 व्याघ्रयोः
vyāghráyoḥ		 व्याघ्रेषु
vyāghréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants
  • Dardic:
    • Shina: بگ (băg)
  • Pali: byaggha, vyaggha
  • Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
    • Central:
    • Eastern:
    • Northern:
      • Khasa Prakrit:
        • Central Pahari:
        • Eastern Pahari:
        • Western Pahari:
          • Bhadrawahi: ढ्ळाह्ग (ḍhḷāhg), ढ्ळाग (ḍhḷāg)
          • Churahi: ब्राह्ग (brāhg)
          • Kangri: बराघ (barāgh)
    • Northwestern:
      • Paisaci Prakrit:
        • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Vracada Apabhramsa:
          • Sindhi: vāghu
            Arabic script: وَاگهُ
            Devanagari script: वाघु
            • Jadgali: [script needed] (brāgg)
    • Southern:
      • Helu Prakrit:
        • Dhivehi: ވަގު (vagu)
        • Sinhalese: වග (waga)
      • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
        • Konkani: vāgu
          Devanagari script: वागु
          Latin script: vagu
          Kannada script: ವಾಗು
        • Marathi: वाघ (vāgh)

Borrowed terms

References
  1. Boisacq, Émile (1916) “ωχρός”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 1085
  2. Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 329
  3. “व्याघ्र॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 529, column 2.
  4. Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “व्याघ्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 303
  5. Monier Williams (1899) “Vyāghrá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1036/2.
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